Epidemiological Characteristics Of Road Traffic Injuries In Bao’an District, Shenzhen

BackgroundIn China, with the accelerated process of social progress, economic development and urbanization, the number of roads of different levels and motor vehicles has increased dramatically in recent years. With the improvement of living standards, higher requirements in necessities are requested, which led private cars increase, also the motor vehicles. However, the situation of road traffic injuries is serious, which has become the first cause of injuries and deaths, and the reasons for that are the indeterminate cognition and low management level of road traffic, resulting in high rate of traffic accidents. And the young adult accounts for vast majority of the casualties. From2000to2004traffic fatality rate in China is16times of that in Germany,2.5times in America,11.5times in Japan. From2010, even drunk driving had to be put into the sentence, there still were219,521accidents involving65,225deaths,254,075injuries and property loss of9.3billion. Due to a serious impact on people’s lives and safety, economic loss and the national social stability and development, road traffic injuries has been known as "public hazard".Shenzhen, as China’s first Special Economic Zone, has got rapid development in economy and living standards since the reform and opening up, who also has a marked achievement in the road construction and number increasing in motor vehicles. Shenzhen is a city of immigrants, so the situation of the traffic injuries is more serious for the migrant workers’ uneven quality, large floating population, difficult manage, which causes more traffic injuries and deaths. Different from other cities whose first death cause is cardiovascular disease, Shenzhen puts traffic accidents the first place, followed by the other injury. According to the Shenzhen traffic police department statistics, Bao’an District of Shenzhen is higher than other districts in traffic injuries, which is not suited to its strong economic power and the living standards. Therefore, it is of great significance to research the traffic injuries epidemiology of Bao’an District, understand the relevant laws of traffic injuries, which can help reduce regional traffic injury incidence and death rate.Road traffic accidents epidemiological study aims to the status quo of traffic injuries aids of city and region, thus a objective and in-depth understanding of traffic trauma situation is made from overall level. In China, epidemiological studies of road traffic accidents began late, while gratifying achievements has been made in methods and content research. And the research team and region continues to expand, and published articles increase, especially the China’s first accident epidemiology monograph Traffic Accident Epidemiology edited by Professor Jin Huiqing, published in2001, marking the new discipline epidemical study of road traffic accidents into a mature phase. However, the epidemic study of road traffic accidents is not yet in-depth, research content breadth and depth is not enough, the vast majority of study still remains in the descriptive study at home and abroad, lacking of analytical studies, and experimental studies. So the scope of study should be further expanded in the behavior and the environment related to traffic accidents, research methods should be improved, also the research methods and the analytical and experimental research should be strengthened, traffic accident monitoring system be established, and the traffic accident prevention evaluation studies be carried out, so as to the traffic epidemiological studies play a positive and effective role in "maintaining traffic safety, protecting life and health". Objective1. With the investigation of traffic accidents in2004-2011of Bao’an District of Shenzhen and statistical analysis, the epidemiological characteristics of Bao’an District, Shenzhen traffic injuries are understood.2. By analyzing the characteristics of the epidemiology of traffic injuries in Bao’an District, to explore how to better control the traffic of Bao’an District.Methods(A) Data sources, gathering and screening1. Source and selecting:(1) The socio-economic and traffic conditions overview of Shenzhen and Bao’an District mainly is from Bulletin of Bureau of Statistics of Shenzhen Bao’an District and their online website, Focusing on GNP data from2004to2011, the resident and transient population data, highway mileage data, etc. of Bao’an District,.(2) Collecting all the traffic injuries of Bao’an District from2004-2011from traffic police govern area, supported by traffic accident database of Bao’an District. The database information are established by traffic police at the scene of the accidents by the relevant provisions of the People’s Republic of China on Road Traffic Safety Law, raw data including all the data and pictures scene of an accident. The mainly selected data include the following aspects:the specific time of the accident, the specific time of ambulance arrival, the specific time for the wounded arriving at the hospital. The specific location, the specific section of the location, the type of road alignment, road nature, road control mode, road conditions, etc. The situation of the vehicle when the accident occurred, involving the number of vehicle, types of vehicle, speed, collision direction. The situation of the driver when accident occurred: drunkenness, fatigue driving, speeding, overloading; the situation of injury and dead person:gender, age, occupation; and the scene and aid in hospital.2. Data acquisition:two medical professionals were selected to participate in the data collection after trained. Training content include the purpose of this study, methods, and procedures; basic knowledge of the epidemiological investigation; terms of the acquisition process, the concept of uniform definitions and explanations; the data type and content; special data processing.3. Case screening:all the selected data involved casualties data, the data only record the number of accident cases. Excluding the relevant data when software testing as well as the erroneous data led by human factors. Random checks of data after entry to ensure the authenticity and integrity of the data.(B) Data classification, Statistics and AnalysisAccording to the different nature of the data, the data are divided into:time distribution (including year, month, date, and time of occurrence); spatial distribution (including the intersection, section type of road); traffic injury patients casualties (injuries, death).SPSS17.0software and Excel2007were selected for statistical analysis, count data were described and compared with the number of cases and percentages.Results:1. Regional socio-economic situation:strong economic strength of Baoan,2011the GDP reached327billion yuan, ranking first in the Shenzhen districts; large population, the sixth national census showed that the resident population is401.84million in2010, as the largest population in Shenzhen; traffic developed, an average road network density of per100square kilometers is more than153kilometers, twice of Guangdong Province, eight times that of the country.2. Traffic accidents Overview:8years,2004-2011, there were422,730road traffic accidents, injured63,809people, the death toll2790people, injured/death ratio is22.87:1. The number of casualties of traffic accidents is far highest in the six districts of Shenzhen (Futian, Luohu, Nanshan, Yantian, Bao’an and Longgang).3. Time distribution of traffic accidents:(1) Bao’an District, traffic injuries occurred showed an increasing trend before2010, up to the highest in number in2010of90,358times, the and declined in2011. The death toll did not show a clear trend. The occurrence of traffic injuries in2005show downward trend,2011at the lowest point. The number of deaths due to traffic injuries up to473people is largest in2007. (2) by month, the number of traffic accidents in Bao’an District, concentrated in the July to September, the highest in August, accounting for9.77%of the total, the lowest in February, accounting for5.39%of the total; deaths in December traffic injury death is the largest number, accounting for9.02%of the total.(3) according to the time of occurrence of the day, there are two traffic accidents peaks, mainly in the9-11and15-18.3-6am at the low rate, the minimum period for1752cases. With the traffic accident death different from the occurrence of accident, highest death period is from20:00to23:00, the lowest from3:00am to5:00am.4. Traffic spatial distribution:(1) in different types of junctions and sections, traffic accidents occurred more in the ordinary junctions (56.33%), far higher than the second, at the crossroads of three (16.17%) and three fork (11.85%); close to the proportion of casualties and traffic accidents.(2) of different linear of roads, straight line is of the highest rate of traffic accidents, accounting for a large proportion, approximately92.18%.(3) in different types of roads, traffic accidents occur more in the main roads of city, accounting for27.96percent of the total, fast road and first class section is also high in proportion.(4) of road control modes, roads of signs and markings occur more traffic injuries accounting for55.34percent of the total number. The lowest occurrence are the road control modes of police command, police and lights collaborative command and semaphores separate command.Conclusion:1. Traffic accidents and traffic death is high in Bao’an District of Shenzhen, ranking first in the six districts, which is which is relevant with its GDP, the number of resident population, road mileage; time distribution (year, month, date and time) and spatial distribution (a junction sections, road type) of traffic injuries are similar with other economically developed regions, but more with its unique laws.2. According to the characteristics of traffic accidents in Bao’an District, it can effectively prevent traffic accidents and effectively control the treatment of casualties by strengthening the supervision of the traffic at a particular time and space, arranging the facilities and law enforcement officers, increasing effective measures of emergency system, strengthening the legislation and improvement of the traffic laws, increasing traffic laws enforcement and publicity efforts to enhance the security awareness.