Research Of Energy Efficient Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

In recent years, with the advances on wireless communications and sensor technology, the technology of wireless sensor network (WSN) has developed rapidly. WSN has been widely used in military, environmental, health, family and other business fields. The system combines sensor technology, embedded computing technology, distributed information processing technology and wireless communication technology, and can complete real-time monitoring, sensing, and target information acquisition. Then, it can process and transmit the information to the user who needs it. Wireless sensor network node is battery-powered, and its processing power, storage capacity and bandwidths are restricted significantly. With the purpose of getting a large-scale application, to design an efficient routing protocol is a major problem at present.The research background of wireless sensor networks, wireless sensor network characteristics, prospects and research status, and the classification of routing protocols are introduced in this thesis, and the advantages and disadvantages of several representative routing protocols proposed by domestic and foreign scholars are analyzed and compared.An Energy Balanced Multi-hop Adaptive Clustering protocol (EBMA) is proposed for WSN in this paper in view of the un-fully integrated optimization on the node residual energy and communication distance between nodes in the existing adaptive clustering routing protocol. The protocol uses multi-hop method to form several tree-based sub-networks as clusters according to the node’s residual energy and the communication distance between nodes, which ensure that each parent node has more residual energy than its child nodes. In this way, the node with the largest residual energy becomes the CH, which balances the node energy consumption effectively and prolongs the network lifetime. Each CH connects the BS (base station) with the improved multi-hop method. The multi-hop method used between CHs or between member nodes makes more use of data fusion, which helps to reduce the amount of data transferred in the path to save energy.Low-energy Chain Communication Cluster routing protocol (LCCC) is proposed in this paper in order to solve the problem of the uneven clustering and the excessive consumption of cluster head. With the use of centralized algorithm ideas, the S divides the network into several clusters of the same size, designates cluster head, and forms a number of chains leading to the BS with the help of relay nodes.The cluster head fuses the data it collected, and sends it to the BS through the chain, which reduces the transmission energy consumption effectively. In the cluster, the tree structure is used between the member nodes and the cluster head to help balancing the network energy consumption.Finally, this thesis makes the simulation for the two routing protocols, and compares them with several representative routing protocols, which proves the validity of the protocols.