Research And Improvement Of LEACH Protocol In Wireless Sensor Network

Wireless sensor networks(WSN) deploy a large number of sensors in the area which need to be observed,sensor nodes use wireless technology to interconnect.The sensor nodes can be deployed in random distribution, or placed designate.Due to the advantages of access to information and information processing,WSN have the potential for development in the military field,geographic information and disaster warning,etc.As the regional deployment of sensor nodes are usually located in the harsh environments energy consumption need to be supplied by the sensor’s own battery.The fact that batteries of the sensor nodes can not be replaced after running out make energy consumption bacome the key to restricting the life cycle of WSN. Statistics find out that a single node consumes its energy in the three aspects of information gathering,information processing and transmission of information.Among them,the information transmission require the vast majority of the total energy. Therefore,how to design efficient and low-power routing protocols,to reduce the energy costs of the nodes’ data communications become the focus of the study of WSN technology.LEACH routing protocol lead hierarchical structure into WSN for the first time,balance network nodes’ energy consumption through self-adaptive dynamic clustering.However,the LEACH protocol assumes that all nodes have the same rate of energy consumption,and randomly select a cluster head node,these make the protocol exists room for improvement. In order to achieve the purpose of further efficient use of node energy, this paper make three improvements to the above practice of routing protocol LEACH:put forward the calculation method of the cluster radius,and divide the node belongs to which cluster layer by this,and then clustering;nodes compete the head node in the cluster according to their residual energy and location,this can reduce the energy consumption of a single node,realize network load balancing; introduce PEGASIS protocol ideological,bulid up the node chain with the innermost head nodes in the clusters, all data are forwarded to the sink by the second class head nodes. Proved through the experiments of the simulation software MATLAB:improved routing protocol LEACH have outstanding performance in terms of network life cycle, the variance of node residual energy and network energy consumption.