The Establishment Of TGMD-2’s Object Control Subtest Of Children Norm From3to10Years Old In Jinan

Purpose：The Test of Gross Motor Development Second Edition (TGMD-2)，first published in1985and improved in2000by Dale A. Ulrich of Michigan State University，is composed oflocomotor subtest and object control subtest to assess the gross motor development of childrenfrom3to10years old. Testing the reliability and validity of TGMD-2with satisfied result, MaHongxia (2006) suggested that the scale could be used in Shandong province. Based on theprevious study, this paper aims to analyze the reliability and validity of TGMD-2and establishthe Object Control Subtest Children Norm from3to10years old in Jinan. Therefore， it helps toprovide a standard reference for sports workers when they evaluate motor development ofchildren.Method：Participants were640children from4kindergartens and4elementary schools in Jinan,aged from3to10years old. Random samples were used in this study and only629children,dates (N=623,314boys and315girls, M=6.61±2.22years) were used for further research.Every motor was tested twice with video recording.Results and analysis：1Item analysis:(1) Item difficulty:the difficulty of object control subtestis0.57, all object control motors are0.40-0.73, and stationary dribbling is the most difficultmotor while kicking is the most easiest for children.(2) Item discrimination: the discriminationindex of object control subtest is0.49and all object control motors are0.50-0.84, while thediscrimination index of stationary dribbling and overhead throwing are the best.2Reliability test:(1) Inter-rater reliability: inter-rater reliability coefficients of six motors are0.701-0.857, while the entire subtest correlation coefficient is0.858.(2)Homogeneity reliability:the homogeneity reliability coefficient of the entire subtest reaches to0.827; the gender-specifichomogeneity reliability coefficient are more than0.7, the age-specific are0.642-0.688.(3)Test-retest reliability: the correlation coefficient of the entire subtest is0.904; sixmotors are0.854-0.935.3Validity test:(1) Internal consistence: the internal of six motors have a low degree ofcorrelation coefficient between0.374-0.584; the correlation coefficient between six motors andthe entire subtest are0.677-0.831.(2) Exploratory factor analysis: a principal component factoranalysis is used by the author, the total motors extracted only one common factor, witheigenvalues3.315and cumulative contribution rate55.254%; all six motors are loaded this common factor, named the ability of object control.(3) Confirmatory factory analysis(CFI): theCFI results with six motors are desirable: x2=533.63， df=231，x2/df=2.31，CFI=0.89，GFI=0.93,AGFI=0.91，RMR=0.01，RMSEA=0.05.(4) Content validity and criterion validity isgood.4Norm: this paper establishes two norms of the object control subtest according to the genderdifference. Each norm includes raw scores, percentile and standard scores.Conclusion：(1)The object control subtest has a good reliability according to inter-ratersreliability, homogeneity reliability and test-retest reliability.(2) The object control subtest has a good validity based on the result of internal consistence,exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis.(3)It initially establishes the Object Control Subtest Children Norm from3to10years old inJinan according to the gender difference.