The Study On The Alteration Of Sovereignty Of Railway Of East China Railway

The construction of East China Railway is well linked to the seriousborder crisis at the end of the Qing Dynasty. Due to the rapid rise of theEmpire of Japan to the east after the Meiji Restoration and itsaggressiveness, the control of Korea was soon challenged by Japanseriously. Qing Dynasty was defeated by the Empire of Japan in theSino-Japanese naval battle in1895and lost its several territories, such asTaiwan, Penghu Islands,Korean Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula. Thenavy of Qing was the most powerful force in Asia at that time.Mainlandpolicy being Japan’s national policy, therefore,northeast China, theManchu’s origin area, became Japan’s next prey.Qing was soon in conflictwith Japan evidently.At the meantime, the expansion of the RussianEmpire has reached the Far East. taking advantage of the Second Opium War,Russia had grabbed China’s Stanovoy area and Ussuriland, andManchuria would be the next.To restrict the expansion of Japan QingEmpire deliberately alliance with Russia. Russia took the opportunity toobtain the right to build railroad in Manchuria and other correspondingrights,such as, garrison, logging and ancillary lands along the railway.In this paper, it is to be addressed in accordance with thechronological order in seven parts.The first part is the preface includingreview of the literature and the main topics.The second part to the sixthpart is the main content.It is mainly about the consructruction andtransference of the East China railway.The railroad was surveyed and builtfrom the year of1896to1903,and soon the southern part of it wastanferred to Japan because of Russia was defeated by Japan in the Warfrom1904to1905.The southern extension of the railway is calledSouthern Manchurian Railroad,lies southwards from Changchun.After the"September18Incident in1931, the Soviet Union was forced to transferthe northern Manchuria Railway to the Manchukuo Empire,which actually under the control of the Empire of Japan.In1945, the Soviet Uniondefeated the Japanese Kwantung Army in the anti-fascist war to regaincontrol of the East China Railway.The railway was transferred to the newChina by the Soviet Union in1952.It is at this moment that China reallyget the sovereignty of the road.The seventh part is the historical impact ofthe construction of the East China Railway.It is addressed objectively andtruthfully mainly about its political, economic, military and other impactthat from both the positive and negative aspects.