Study On Railway Workers Community In The Period Of The Republic Of China

Along with the construction and operation of railway, Chinese railway workers occur. From the occupation character, railway workers in addition to the fanners and handicraftsmen, also from other industry technical workers, there is no fixed occupation of the city residents and students; from the region, unskilled workers in Hebei, Shandong, Henan Province as the main source of technology workers, mostly from Guangdong, Shanghai, Fuzhou, Tianjin etc. area. The early years of the Republic, the railroad workers have fifty thousand or sixty thousand people, among them,20-30 years most, since then, the number of railway workers in the growing, until the nineteen thirties, a variety of railway workers a total of more than 230000, a railway worker age structure tends to be reasonable. The railroad workers with lower education levels, the number of illiterates.The railway workers working range, according to railway workers and management, workplace, technical level and employment properties, they can be divided into different categories. The railway workers, the nature of the work, working time, the working environment there are differences. During the period of Nanjing national government, execute 8 hours of duty, but only railway factory workers. And other industry workers, railroad workers have less time. The period of the Republic of China, railway equipment is backward, management confusion and political turbulent, railway workers in the work of a lot of risk, are the main traffic incident, the bandits robbed, military personnel in rows and railway construction risk.In the railway workers' income, salary is the most important part of. The railway due to different business situation, the wages of the workers also unequal height, on the whole with the development of society, railway workers is increasing. A large number of railway workers, income level, their living conditions are different. In general, higher family income, the life degree is more advantageous, conversely, is the life is more difficult. But at the same time, workers from the family burden, around the price and customs to the railway workers living conditions also produce main effect. The period of the Republic of China, railway workers association is the main target for railroad workers with relatives, friends and fellow, the marriage with the traditional marriage has been different, reflecting certain modernity, railway workers due to poor sanitary conditions, sick person more, the railway has a hospital, workers can be free to heal. Entertainment in the lives of the workers in the essential, workers affected by income limits, most choose to spend less, even without spending money on entertainment.The period of the Republic of China, railway workers' organizations are mainly trade unions and employees consumer cooperatives, the former is a workers to improve their status in the political, economic organization, the latter is purely economic organization. During the period, each railroad in succession to establish trade unions, in 1924 established the National Railway Employees General Union, the union between mutual support, mutual cooperation, to seek the overall interests of workers to make important contribution. Nineteen thirties, Nanjing national government for the development of railway enterprise, improve railway employees' life, vigorously promote the railway employees consumer's cooperative. The railway employees consumer cooperatives have been established, and achieved certain results:expanded the dimensions of cooperation, increase profits, improve the life members, spread the cooperation thought.The railway workers in large numbers, and a strong organization, during the period of Republic of China in charge, in order to consolidate their rule, sometimes to take measures to help the workers. State power control of railway workers, mainly through the law, regulations, organization control, ideological indoctrination and other means to undertake, in addition, Kuomintang and the national government also launched the new life movement, to control the basic necessities of life of workers. The period of the Republic of China, railway workers in daily life feel the state power and the main political forces on their life, and demonstrate for the state regime and the main political attitude.Overall, the number of railway workers, a high degree of organization, power big; variety, wage income gap big, overall treatment better; few women under the age of 14, less labor, age structure tends reasonable; have a strong sense of patriotism. The railway workers group is with the modern railway transportation development and the emergence of, which itself is a product of the development of society, their development and growth and to further promote the social change.