| The form of "V de/bu C" is one of the priorities and difficulties in Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language. The foreign learners are prone to over-generalization of the extended rules errors in the use of this form,such as "shui bu jiao""jian bu mian"" jue bu ding""shao bu shang". Previous studies paid more attention to the ontology aspects, or just study the causes and types of the errors. They did not combine the ontology study with the errors of Chinese teaching for foreigners. Based on "The Chinese vocabulary and Chinese characters syllabus"(revised edition) and the errors of the foreign learners in learning the "V de/bu C" form, this text discusses the characteristic of "V" and "C" in the "V de/bu C" structure, and analyses the semantic conditions of "V de/bu C".After the analysis and study,we found that, first of all, the ability of the verbs acting as the predicate V in the form of "V de/bu C" is far stronger than adjectives, phrases and idioms. Verbs mainly act with the form of single syllable. Generally speaking, the more acting and autonomous the verbs are, the stronger the ability of the verbs acting as the predicate "V" in the form of V de/bu C" will be. In other words, verbs that show less acting and autonomous are difficult to act as "V" in the form of "V de/bu C". The amount of adjectives that can act as "V" in the form of "V de/bu C" is not large. Their characteristic of state and property are more prominent.Phrases and idioms are completely unable to serve as the predicate V in the form of "V de/bu C"Secondly, the complement C in the form of "V de/bu C" is often served by the verb and adjective. The complex structures acting as the complement C are limitd to the the verb-tend phrase,such as "chu lai""shang lai". There are a large part of vocabularies in class A which could not act as the complement C in the form of "V de/bu C". Generally speaking, words in Verbs, adjectives,phrases and idioms which could act as the complement C in the form of "V de/bu C", often have the characteristic of result and trend.Finally, if the predicate of Verb-complement construction is more acting and autonomous, the more obviously and specifically the meaning of the complement of Verb-complement construction is showed, the stronger the ability of "de/bu " expanding into "V de/bu C" will be. At the same time,we should consider the possibility of logic and the rationality of reality. In other words, it should be logical and satisfy people’s language and cognitive habits. Otherwise, even if it is right in the theory, it will be little or even not used in the life.Combined with the research results,for the excessive use of "V de/bu C" in the learning of the foreigners, suggestions will be given as following:(1)Based on basic requirements of the grammar level outline in the textbooks,the rules of "de/bu " expanding into the form of "V de/bu C" should be detailed. The rules should be used with more different words, phrases and structures to come back the form of "V de/bu C" Moreover, part of the grammar rules should be reflected in the practice of the textbooks.(2) More attention should be paid to the expanded conditional form of "V de/bu C" in the class. In addition to the grammar rules of "V de/bu C" listed in the textbook, teachers should let the foreign learners understand that not all the form of "de/bu "of Verb-result Form and Verb-trending Form could expand into the form of "V de/bu C". Besides,teachers should use comparative ways to teach it in the course.(3)The material that investigated from "The Chinese vocabulary and Chinese characters syllabus"(revised edition) and the study of "V de/bu C" could also be used to the compilation of the dictionary. Some necessary expansions for the functions should be included. For example, it can illustrate the using of verb-result and verb-trending by some commonly used collocations, and then would give a simple description of the possibility of the expanding to "V de/bu C"... |
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