| ObjectiveTo explore the epidemiological features of notifiable Infectious diseases from1990to2012so as to provide basis for disease control in Shouguang city.MethodsData from Shouguang notifiable infectious diseases statistics (1990-2012) were analyzed by software Excel2003and spssl3.0data. The constitution of notifiable infectious diseases and the epidemiological characteristics of major infectious diseases is the emphasis.ResultsBasic1990～2012, Shouguang City,29notifiable infectious diseases has been reported.The average annual incidence was145.66/100,000. The average annual mortality rate was0.19/100,000. From1990to2012, The incidence rate of notifiable infectious diseases was in upward trend. Increased from1990(105.08/100,000) to2012(169.01/100,000). The highest incidence was288.72/100,000in2010. The mortality rate of notifiable infectious diseases was in downward trend, dropped from1990(0.60/100,000) to2012(0.19/100,000). The highest mortality was0.60/100,000in1990.The average annual incidence was108.32/100,000.The average annual mortality rate was0.32/100,000from1990to2000. The incidence of Intestinal Infectious diseases and vector-borne diseases was higher, but was in downward trend. Overall incidence of sexually transmitted diseases was on rise. The incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis and hepatitis B virus was higher, and the trend of incidence rate was on rise. The incidence rate of hepatitis A declined obviously. The first five major diseases were bacillary dysentery, pulmonary tuberculosis, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis A and epidemic hemorrhagic fever. Intestinal Infectious diseases accounted for69.99%in all kind of notifiable infectious diseases cases, blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases accounted for13.27%, vector-borne diseases accounted for8.83%, aspiratory infectious diseases accounted for8.18%.The average annual incidence was179.28/100,000. The average annual mortality rate was0.07/100,000from2001to2012. The main characteristics:The incidence of vector-borne diseases declined sharply. The incidence of hepatitis B virus and pulmonary tuberculosis was in high-level state. Incidence rate of bacillary dysentery show a drop tendency. The incidence of sexually transmitted diseases was in upward trend. hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) was reported as notifiable infectious diseases since2005and keep a high level of incidence. The first five major diseases were bacillary dysentery, hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), hepatitis B virus, pulmonary tuberculosis, and gonorrhea. Intestinal Infectious diseases accounted for43.04%in all kind of notifiable infectious diseases cases, blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases accounted for23.15%, aspiratory infectious diseases accounted for18.06%, vector-borne diseases accounted for1.04%.1990～2012, the cases of notifiable infectious diseases are mainly occurred between June and September, manly was0-5and15-45years-old group, accounting for71.79%. Occupational mainly was scattered children and farmers accounting for70.62%.2. Intestinal Infectious diseases:1990-2012, the incidence rate of intestinal Infectious diseases showed a downward trend,18273cases were reported with4fatality cases. The average annual incidence was76.43/100,000. The peak incidence was from June to August. The mainly incidence of age-group in Intestinal Infectious diseases was0-5years-old group. The first place of incidence was bacillary dysentery, followed by hepatitis A.2.1Bacillary dysentery:1990-2012, the incidence rate of bacillary dysentery showed a downward trend,15131cases were reported without fatality cases. The average annual incidence was63.28/100,000. The peak incidence was from June to September. The mainly incidence of age-group in bacillary dysentery was0-5years-old group, accounting for47.87%. Occupational mainly was scattered children accounting for47.28%, followed by farmers, accounting for27.74%.2.2Hepatitis A:1990-2012, the incidence rate of hepatitis A was in downward trend,1081cases were reported with1fatality cases. The average annual incidence was4.52/100,000. The peak incidence was from July to September. Incidence of occupational population was mainly0-10years-old children during1990-2000. Occupational mainly was farmers during2001-2012. 3. Aspiratory infectious diseases:1990-2012, the incidence rate of aspiratory infectious diseases was in upward trend overall,5086cases were reported with6fatality cases. The average annual incidence was21.27/100,000. The cases are mainly occurred between November and May of the following year. The first place of incidence was pulmonary tuberculosis, followed by measles.3.1Pulmonary tuberculosis:1990-2012, the incidence rate of pulmonary tuberculosis was in upward trend,4060cases were reported with4fatality cases. The average annual incidence was16.98/100,000. The incidence rate has been at a relatively high level in April. The highest incidence of age-group in pulmonary tuberculosis was20-25years-old group. Incidence of occupational groups, the proportion of farmers was the highest, followed by students and workers.3.2Measles:A total of344cases in measles were reported from1990to2012and the trend of incidence rate has a periodicity of about3-5years. The average annual incidence was1.43/100,000. Peak incidence was in April. The mainly incidence of age-group in measles was0-10years-old group accounting for70.07%during1990-2000;20-45years-old group accounting for64.78%during2001-2012.4. Natural focal infectious diseases and vector-borne diseases:1990-2012, the incidence rate of natural focal infectious diseases and vector-borne diseases displays a drop tendency,1312cases and28fatality cases were reported. The average annual incidence was5.49/100,000. The mainly incidence of age-group was20-60years-old group. The first place of incidence was hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Occupational mainly was farmers followed by works.4.1Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS):1990-2012, the incidence rate of HFRS showed a downward trend,1114cases and15fatality cases were reported. The average annual incidence was4.66/100,000. The peak incidence was from April to June. The mainly incidence of age-group in HFRS was20-40years-old group, accounting for61.77%. Occupational mainly was farmers, followed by works.5. Blood-borne diseases and sexually transmitted diseases:1990-2012, the incidence rate of blood-borne diseases and sexually transmitted diseases displayed an increasing tendency overall.6859cases and8fatality cases were reported. The average annual incidence was28.69/100,000, no significant month. The mainly incidence of age-group in blood-borne diseases was more than20-year-old age group, the mainly incidence of sexually transmitted diseases was Young adults group. The first place of blood-borne diseases and sexually transmitted diseases incidence was hepatitis B, followed by gonorrhea and syphilis.5.1Hepatitis B:1990-2012. the incidence rate of hepatitis B showed an upward trend,4809cases and7fatality cases were reported. The average annual incidence was20.11/100,000no significant month. The mainly incidence of age-group was20-60years-old group. Occupational mainly was farmers followed by workers. 5.2Gonorrhea and Syphilis:A total of1057cases in gonorrhea were reported from1990to2012and the average annual incidence was4.42/100,000.440cases in syphilis were reported from1999to2012and the average annual incidence was2.99/100,000. The incidence rate of gonorrhea and syphilis displayed an increasing tendency. The mainly incidence of age-group was20-40years-old group.6. Other means infectious diseases:A total of3727cases in other means notifiable infectious diseases were reported from1990to2012. The first place of incidence was hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD).6.1Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD):2005-2012,3715cases of HFMD were reported. The average annual incidence was44.41/100,000, In2009～2012, there were one epidemic times. The incidence has significant seasonal pattern. There were two incidence peaks each year. The first one was from June to August and the other one was in November. The mainly incidence of age-group was0-5years-old group, accounting for96.90%.Conclusion1. There is a great change in the spectrum of the infectious diseases from1990to2012. The incidence rate of natural focal infectious diseases and vector-borne diseases declined sharply. Some intestinal Infectious diseases such as bacillary dysentery have to some extent been controlled. Hepatitis B and pulmonary tuberculosis keep a high level of incidence. The incidence of some sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea and syphilis showed an upward trend. The emerging infectious such as HFMD diseases began to hold a large proportion in recent years. The mortality rate of notifiable infectious diseases showed a declined tendency.2. The mainly incidence of age-group in notifiable infectious diseases was0-10years-old age group, occupational mainly was famers and scattered children. The above mentioned crowds are the focus of prevention and control.3. To enhance the rate of inoculated could decrease the incidence of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and measles.4. In-depth health education should be conduct in the community to change behaviors of the residents and to improve the capacity of disease prevention. Enhancing clinician’s knowledge level of diagnosis by various means is beneficial to control infectious disease at the early stage. Immunization strategies should be adjusted according to the prevalence and features of infectious disease. |
