| Objective:To understand the epidemic situation of infectious diseases in children under 3 years old in Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2019,to grasp its distribution and epidemic trend,and to discuss the prevention and control measures of infectious diseases.Methods:The infectious diseases data of children under 3 years old in Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2019 were collected by using the Infectious Disease Report Information Management System.The characteristics of the infectious diseases were analyzed by using descriptive epidemiological methods,and the "three distribution" rules of infectious diseases of children under 3 years old in Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2019 were summarized.Results:1.From 2015 to 2019,a total of 114,374 cases of 38 kinds of statutory infectious diseases were reported among children under 3 years old in Shanxi Province,with an average annual incidence of 1,988.46 per 100,000,which was higher than the average annual incidence of the whole population(402.35 per100,000).There was a significant difference between the two groups(χ~2=106.50,P<0.01),indicating that it was still the focus of prevention and control of infectious diseases.In the past five years,the reported incidence of infectious diseases among children under 3 years old showed a certain fluctuation,but the overall trend was decreasing(χ~2 trend =55.16,P<0.01).The highest incidence of infectious diseases among children under 3years old was 2754.41 per 100,000 in 2017,and the lowest was 1403.49 per 100,000 in 2016.2.The top five infectious diseases reported among children under 3 years old in Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2019 were hand,foot and mouth disease,other infectious diarrhea diseases(rotavirus was the main pathogen monitoring),influenza,Chicken pox and bacterial dysentery.3.In the reported cases of infectious diseases in children under 3 years old in Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2019,the incidence of intestinal infectious diseases was the highest,and respiratory infectious diseases ranked second.Blood-borne and sexually transmitted diseases were less spread in individual years,and natural foci and insects-borne diseases have not changed much.4.From 2015 to 2019,a total of 60,934 cases of hand-foot-mouth disease were reported in children under 3 years of age in Shanxi Province,accounting for 53.28% of the total number of infectious diseases.Among them,the number of cases in the group of 1 to <2 years old is the largest,and the number of reported cases is mainly concentrated in May to July.The total number of reported cases of other infectious diarrhea diseases was 40020,accounting for34.99% of the total;among them,the number of cases in the group of 0 to <1 year old was the most,and they were mainly concentrated in December to March.The number of reported cases of influenza was 4738,accounting for 4.74% of the total number of infectious diseases;among them,the number of cases in the group of 1 to <2 years of age was the largest,mainly in December to March.A total of 3,517 cases of varicella have been reported,accounting for3.07% of the total number of infectious diseases;the age group is mainly concentrated in the 1 to<2 years group,and the months are mainly distributed in May to July and November to December.A total of 2790 cases of bacillary dysentery were reported,accounting for 2.44% of the total number of infectious diseases;among the age groups,the number of cases in the 0 to <1year old group was the largest,mainly in May to August.5.In the past 5 years,the number of infectious diseases in children under 3 years old is higher in men than women,and the average annual incidence of male children was higher than that of female children(χ~2=62.60,P<0.01),with statistical significance.Among them,the maximum incidence of male children under 1 to < 2 years old was 53 145 cases(46.47%),with an average annual incidence of 2 627.18 per 100,000,and the minimum incidence of 2 to < 3 years old was 28 830 cases(25.21%),with an average annual incidence of 1409.39 per 100,000.6.From 2015 to 2019,Yangquan City had the highest incidence of infectious diseases,with an annual average reported incidence of 4045.47 per 100,000.Followed by Taiyuan City,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 3,574.02 per 100,000.The lowest incidence was in Xinzhou City,with an average annual reported incidence rate of 633.84 per 100,000.Conclusion:1.Although the reported incidence of infectious diseases among children under 3 years old in Shanxi Province has shown an overall downward trend in the past 5 years,they are still a high-risk group of infectious diseases.2.The main infectious diseases of children under 3 years old in Shanxi Province from 2015 to 2019 were intestinal infectious diseases and respiratory infectious diseases.The main infectious diseases were hand,foot and mouth disease,other infectious diarrhoeal diseases(rotavirus was the main pathogen to be monitored),influenza,chicken pox and bacterial dysentery.3.From 2015 to 2019,the incidence of infectious diseases in children under 3 years old in Shanxi Province peaked from May to August and from December to March of the following year,presenting a seasonal bimodal distribution.4.From 2015 to 2019,the incidence of boys under 3 years of age in Shanxi Province was higher than that of girls,and the age group of onset was mainly concentrated in the group of 1 to<2 years old.5.In the past five years,the incidence of infectious diseases among children under the age of 3 has been significantly different in each city.The annual average reported incidence of each city fluctuates between 633.84 per 100,000 and 4045.47 per100,000.6.Should strengthen the infectious disease epidemic season for children under 3 years old of the monitoring and prevention and control work,the department of CDC also want joint community to strengthen the publicity and education of intestinal infectious diseases and respiratory infectious disease,health care workers to do early identification,reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis,parents should be fostered children develop good personal hygiene habits,advocate breastfeeding,timely add a side dish,enhance children resistance,improve the vaccination rates,prevent the happening of the infectious diseases from several aspects. |
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