| In recent years, China floods occur frequently, the floods caused economic losses of the highest in the first of various disasters. In1998, China’s Yangtze River valley flood, causing huge losses to the country and people’s lives and property. According to data released by the Ministry of Civil Affairs October18,1998,1998,29provinces, autonomous regions, the230million people suffer from floods, the death of3656people,20.44million people evacuated. Seen that in the event of floods often have a big impact on human health, catastrophic floods, and even affect national social stability and economic development. How to strengthen the health emergency management of floods, to reduce the health hazards of public health emergencies caused by disasters to the people is the grim task that governments around the world must face.Hubei Province is located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River with numerous lakes and rivers, and it is the flood corridor in the history. Flood threat is always the scourge. More than half of the population,70%of industrial and agricultural output value of the province, Wuhan, Huangshi, Jingzhou, etc,48cities above county level by the river flood threat. The territory has two very large water conservancy projects which are the Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba. the potential threat of man-made factors and natural disasters on the dam is not does not exist, downstream of the masses of people are facing the threat of unpredictable floods. Identified according to the Civil Affairs Department of Hubei Province, in2010, the province’s17cities and prefectures, the direct control of the city and the forest area were affected to varying degrees caused by rainstorm and flood disaster.991million people were affected, the death tolls of74people, four people missing, emergency transfer masses of35.78million, direct economic losses of11.73billion yuan.In short, Hubei is entering a period of rapid economic development, but also is entering a period of the public health crisis in the high incidence. Public health emergencies is increasing caused by a variety of natural, social, man-made and other factors. Strengthening management study of health emergency caused by floods to improve the management level for all-hazards health emergency of Hubei Province is the key working can not be ignored by all levels of health sectors and Hubei Provincial Government.The paper evaluates the effect of the health sector emergency work during the severe flooding in Hubei Province in2010through the way of literature analysis, site visits, key informant interview, questionnaires and other methods, combined with the knowledge of emergency management, public health, disaster medicine and other disciplines. And assess the status of health emergency response capacity of the floods in Hubei Province to diagnose the shortcomings of health emergency management for floods, and then to raise strategy in order to improve the level of health emergency response management for floods from the health emergency response organization and management, plan management, financial security, human resources team building,information construction, material reserves management, the linkage mechanism, and capacity building.After assessment of health emergency work results of Hubei Province in2010floods, and finally draw the following conclusions:First, the leadership of the health administrative departments at all levels more emphasis on the health emergency in the flood disaster, to perform their duties conscientiously. Leading group were established in10cities and counties by the Secretary for any leader, Leading Group can be unified by the higher level health administrative departments to prepare a clear division of responsibilities and fulfill the duties of the health departments in the floods disaster response.(2)Health emergency working is prepared more fully. At all levels emergency management agencies has a relatively complete emergency response mechanism.The flood disaster emergency plan system is relatively sound in70percent of the city and county.60%of the emergency team personnel’s structure is reasonable;80%of them have emergency-related knowledge training; the provincial minimum reserve standard70%-99%of the material reserves basically in place, pre-disaster linkage with other departments can be done.(3) Emergency response is more timely and in line with the specification. Plans are to start at the day of the floods, the team assembled immediately and went to the scene, on-site emergency disposal process is reasonable. In the flood scene, medical aid and disinfection work in strict accordance with the specifications for emergency response. In response to post-disaster public health emergencies, the cities and counties of be surveyed can be in accordance with the management practices and report the prevention work progress in disaster area, the basic plan measures and technical solutions of the natural disasters in Hubei Province to deal with the basic norms of the disaster that can be implemented, the work process record is basicly integrated.Second, infectious disease reporting, the immunization programming and laboratory monitoring capabilities were not affected and have a certain ability to recover to the normal of the work. The floods did not affect the infectious disease report of the medical institutions,10cities and counties are able to work normally. Communicable disease surveillance is in accordance with regulations, no public health emergencies in five settlements in six on-site investigation. The immunization program vaccinated normally. In the assessment of laboratory capacity,60percent of the county level laboratories were not affected,40%of the affected laboratory can resume normal work.80%of the county can basically carry out118tests, but can only be carried out about87%due to the reagents and equipment reasons.During the floods, the CDC laboratory were also detected on the disinfection of drinking water and food and beverage, respectively,800and83samples were detected. Did not occur public health emergencies according to the standards of the plan. The investigation site response properly,the key infectious diseases has not formed the outbreak or epidemic. In the four cities surveyed, the total number of common disease after disaster are lower than the previous two years except for jngzhou. Seen from the previous paper of major reasons for the number of cases for different diseases, the total number of cases is higher than in previous of Jingzhou in2010, because of the increasing of cases of infectious diarrhea, and in July, may be related to the floods. C DC take active measures to keep the number of cases of various infectious diseases dropped to the level in previous years and other infectious diarrhea doesnot occur.Third, after the implementation of disinfection to the affected environment, environmental standard reached GB/19193-2003<The General Principles for disinfection of epidemic focus>, natural bacteria killed rate≥90%, pathogens were not detected after disinfection, the environment affected was cleaned, the spreading pathway of the disease was cuted off, the work to implement disinfection for different sources of drinking water in disaster areas was strengthened, effective measures were taken to increase the monitoring efforts of the two kinds of life of the surface and underground sources of drinking water, to ensure that the people in disaster areas for drinking water in line with GB/5749-85"drinking water health standards" indicators requirements. The way to selecte disinfection and insecticide to disposal the disaster area environmental was scientific and rational. The high-power motorized sprayer could meet the request of disaster area environmental emergency response. The implementation was in line with the "Flood of the disease prevention guide" and " the basic principles of biological vector processing for floods." requirements. Using national registries approved safety high anticoagulant rodenticides according to characteristics of the environment in disaster areas. Strengthen the management of human and animal safety to prevent environmental pollution, the rat density was controled in less than a degree of harm. Seize the disaster-stricken areas of settlements, toilets, garbage, animal ring, and other key environmental disaster within the home range, combined with the breeding of mosquitoes, habitat activity habits, increase the kill control, expanding spray range, control the mosquitoes close in a relatively a low level.Fourth, the normal work of the health sector in floods "is mentioned in the interview29times, accounting for33.7%of all frequency,"the emergency work in floods" was mentioned by38.4%. This is the important work for leadership in the flood, its provisions are in place.The keywords "difficulties" referred to eight people, accounting for9.3%of all frequency. In the face of floods, local health sector is not gratuitous, and actively carry out disaster prevention work. The work was focused under the state of emergency and the measures were appropriate. Different terrain areas take different measures to the focus of the disaster scene. The mountains focused on environmental disinfection, environmental disinfection work and on-site disaster prevention work were taken at the same time in the plains waterlogging region. In addition, six city states all emphasis on "health education" to the victims in post-disaster. Financial security is still the biggest problem. Financial security of the nodes of the "difficulties" is mentioned four times, accounting for4.7%. Some respondents said lack of funds allocated to, another part of the respondents said the government promised compensation is not in place.Fifth, the satisfaction of the victims to the overall impression of the health sector reached92.7%,98.3%on the professional quality of the medical staff,98.6%on the providing the prevention and disinfectant,97.9%on the disinfection and pest controling,96.2%on the health education.In short, the health emergency response capacity of the status quo of responding to floods of Hubei Province, there are worthy of recognition, but also there are many problems, mainly in the following areas:health emergency management organization system is still not perfect; plan system is not perfect, operability to be improved; health emergency team response ability level to be strengthened; health emergency financial security is not in place, compensation mechanisms are inadequate; the production capacity and reserves of emergency drugs and goods is not sufficient; the health emergency resource distribution of regional and urban-rural is differences, and develop unevenly; health system and other sectors are lack of long-term mechanism for interoperability; the emergency response system is lack of basic information support; the network of emergency medical rescue base and emergency laboratory testing has not been effective establishment.Finally, the paper proposes some strategy including:a sound and comprehensive institutional mechanisms; strengthen emergency planning system; strengthen personnel training for health emergency response; increase health emergency funding; to meet the needs of health emergency goods and materials and improve the health emergency supplies reserves policy; strengthen grass-roots health emergency response capacity; full integration of resources; to improve the level of information technology; preparing for the construction of the medical rescue center actively, to improve laboratory testing network. |
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