| In1938, the National Government decided to burst the banks in Huayuankou at Zheng country to prevent the Japanese advance. When the banks burst in Huayuankou, the Yellow River flooded, which caused the formation of the Yellow River flood area including Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu and millions of people were suffering from the flood. From then on, the closure work at Huayuankou and restoration to the old course of the Yellow River had become one of the main construction problems that all aspects of political power and democrats at home and abroad concerned about. Thus related technical discussion and hydraulic experiments appeared. After the victory of Anti-Japanese War, the problem of restoring yellow river was put on the agenda of post-war reconstruction gradually. The restoration of old course of yellow river involved two aspects, one was the closure engineering of Huayuankou, and the other was the restored engineering of downstream of the old course. At that time, many villages were built by the downstream area, and two in three of the villages were in the Hopei-Shantung-Honan Border Region which was under the control of Chinese Communist Party. So in the implementation of Huayuankou crevasse repair and bank reinstatement project, the close cooperation of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Kuomintang (KMT) was badly required.Even though this project involved the vital political and military interests of the KMT and the CCP, under the requirements of public interests, and with the promotion of the public opinion at home and abroad, and the intervention of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), the two parties started to cooperate and the project of Huayuankou officially started in March,1946. In order to make the project successfully completed, and strive as much as possible in their own favor construction conditions, the two parties held a number of meetings and formed seven major agreements, but they were basically not assigned to specific constriction. The closure work time changed repeatedly with the provisions of the agreement, and each change of the time not only got the influence of the construction condition and technology, it also reflected the competition between the two parties. Engineering models, engineering food and the construction equipments that according to the provisions should be allocated by the national government and the UNRRA for the CCP were not in full to finance because of the political and military reasons. The assistance of the UNRRA was unfair due to the impact of U.S. policy toward China. The cooperation of the KMT and CCP in the construction was also influenced by the hostile relations of the two parties and full of contradictions. Their cooperation was filled with military conflict and propaganda struggle. In addition, many other difficulties like the hugeness of the project, the lack of human and material resources, the conflicts of construction proposal among the engineers, the shift of human resources in the construction department, corruption and waste, the intrusion of bandits and the complex natural environment intertwined together. Finally, delayed by human factors and natural difficulties, crevasse repair and bank reinstatement centered on Huayuan Kou was completed in July,1947.Guided by the synthetically power theory of historical development proposed by Engels, this thesis analyzes the various forces and wills acting on the crevasse repair and bank reinstatement in Huayuankou and holds the view that though the beginning of the crevasse repair in Huayuankou on the brink of war between the KMT and the CCP and its completion during the intense war were independent of the will of any single force, but the beginning, proceeding and the completion of the project were the result of the synthetic action of these forces. As the result of join forces, the ultimate completion of the Huayuankou project produced major effects on the life and current situation of the people involved. |
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