Urban Road Congestion Pricing Theory And Model Research

With industrialization and urbanization developing and realizing in the world ,many major cities are facing an increasingly serious traffic problems, the rapid growthof urban transportation, the unprecedented lack of urban road resources and the city’straffic congestion phenomenon is becoming increasingly severe. Therefore, researcheson congestion pricing have important theoretical and practical significance. This papermainly study on the key issues such as the relationships among traffic congestion causes,congestion pricing and traffic assignment, dynamic congestion pricing model and congestionpricing safeguard measures, etc.This paper by using the the oretical knowledge of traffic engineering explains thecauses and distribution character of traffic congestion and puts forward the conceptof congestion pricing; after by using the the oretical knowledge of microeconomicsanalyzing the effects of traffic congestion and the marginal private and social cost byusing microeconomics, it also gives the economic Mechanism of static crowding pricingprinciples and dynamic pricing.On the basis of the transportation assignment theory,this paper builds the single-level planning and bi-level programming model of static congestion pricing. Single-layer programming model reflects the nature of congestion pricing from the theoreticalaspects; the bi-level programming model can effectively balance the travelers and managers;According to the situation that travelers may change the path when knowing real-timetraffic information, a bi-level model of dynamic congestion pricing which meets theinstantaneous user optimal is built; as for the trip mode of travelers, personal drive andco-car travel has replaced the intrinsic single individual car travel, by using the controltheory to deduce the random user route choice of mixed dynamic and travel mode selectioncriteria and relevant models; Finally, a dynamic congestion pricing model which meetsthe random combination selection condition and flexibility needs is built by consideringthe multi-user stochastic route choice, departure time choice, travel mode choice modelsunder flexible demands combination, and using variational inequality .A brief introduction to the structure of the congestion charge system is given. In theend, this paper concludes the safeguard measures of congestion pricing.