Research Of Urban Road Congestion Pricing-Based On The Theory Of Externality

In recent years, the urban population and the holding of vehicle have grown increasingly along with the process of urbanization and regional economies developing rapidly. Travel demands are growing so fast in cities that urban road travel demand exceeds supply greatly, resulting in serious traffic congestion. Congestion pricing, one of the Transportation Demand Management strategies, is to charge the vehicles for pass the specific road section at special time interval, in order to disperse the traffic volume from time and space, and reduce the traffic load at rush hour and the crowded road. Meanwhile it will shift the traffic volume to the public traffic system, restrain the increasing of private traffic, promote the car effective utilization, advance the implementation of car pool, improve the rate of the road utilizing, and alleviate the traffic congestion ultimately. This measure may suppress the production of transportation demand in the source, cause the travelers reducing their journey or changing the time, the way or the route of the journey, then reduce traffic jam.On the basis of summarizing theoretical studies and practices of congestion at home and abroad, the paper analyzes the reasons of the traffic congestion, explains the meaning, significance and goal of the congestion pricing, make qualitative and quantitative derivation about the static congestion pricing and dynamic congestion pricing as well. Exterior costs aroused by congestion which are additional travel time, traffic accident and environmental pollution are analyzed qualitatively based on External theory. The paper quantifies the three exterior costs through the appropriate method separately. When quantifying the exterior cost of extra travel time, it adopts the travel cost law; it calculates the cost of additional traffic accident in terms of the cost which producing in the actual accident; the exterior cost of extra environmental pollution is also quantified according to the vehicle producing actually. Through the methods-above, the thesis quantifies the annual total exterior cost resulting from congestion in a city and is educed and establishes congestion pricing model based on exterior cost.At last, the paper assumes the Chengdu carrying the congestion charge this year, the computes the rate combing with the corresponding data of the holding number of vehicle,average speed of Chengdu in 2009.