Study On The Mode Of The Development And Management Of The Biological Resources In The South China Sea Under Holistic Governance Perspect

The21st century is the oceanic times. Our country in the coming future will face the reality that7%of the world’s arable land has to feed nearly1/4of the human population. In order to alleviate this grave situation and meet the needs of food, medicines and so on, we must turn its attention to oceans and seas which have not been fully developed. We should develop living resources rationally through the use of marine biotechnology and other modern high-techs. It should fall into the first priority to develop and utilize biological resources in South China Sea. South China Sea occupies the total area of3.537×106km, spanning27degrees of latitude (3°Sto24°S), bordering with Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan to the north and with the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Brunei, Vietnam and other countries to the south. It habitats enormous sub-tropical and tropical warm water species mainly of highly biological diversity, moreover, the abundance of some species is also great. The continental shelf areas of the northern South China Sea possess about1064kinds of fish, the southern South China Sea about800species, Nansha Islands about220kinds of fish. What’s more, South China Sea owns a large amount of shrimp, crab, shellfish, algae, sea cucumbers and other resources.The area owned by our country under the jurisdiction of South China Sea approximately adds up to2.16million square kilometers, and the area of fishery accounts for about1.56million square kilometers. However, the development and management of the biological resources in South China Sea, exist a lot of outstanding issues, such as overfish the offshore areas and inadequate fish for the open sea and other biological resource development; chaotic order of marine development, dispersed marine management strength; backward administrative system, serious governance fragmentation; fragmented regional development governance body, and cross-border regional co-management not being put on the agenda. Special vigilance should be maintained to the fact that the South China Sea has appeared more obvious ecological problems, such as declining marine fishery resources, ever-reducing marine biodiversity, serious pollution of the marine environment, even inanimate areas in some areas, especially degradation of marine ecosystems, material and energy circulation obstacles, functional decline and other issues caused by human activities, which are extremely unfavorable to the sustainable use of our living marine resources and sustainable marine economy. In this regard, the author tries to construct a reasonable development and management mode of biological resources for power system as meta governance. The research in this paper provides a reference scheme for the solution of the above problems, and brings a new idea for surrounding areas developing biological resources collaboratively in the South China Sea and achieving the Blue Rise of Ocean.Concretely speaking, the paper,based on such typical problems and characteristics emerged in the biological resources development and management of South China Sea as "fragmentation" and "toughness" and "cross-border", opts the perspective of overall governance theory thus explaining the plights in developing the biological resources of South China Sea and then offering new solutions for it. Finally, it can provide a new governance perspective to the development and management of marine areas. As for extension and applicability of the theory, the author integrates the proposals of hierarchical bureaucratic system and trust network. And then the author puts forward an adaptive correction scheme of the overall governance theory used in the development and management of biological resources in the South China Sea, that is, umbrella like network governance model. The model helps promote the localization process of holistic governance theory, hence the practical feasibility in China.Throughout the specific construction of umbrella like network governance model used for the development of biological resources in the South China Sea, the author combines the governance practices of public affairs in China, with reference of the theoretical connotation of the overall governance. On the creative basis of the middle and micro analytical frameworks, that is,"the value dimensions-body junction-the technical expression "and "network organization-the overall operation-system maintenance ", detailed discussion is undertaken to study the operational processes and practice prospects of umbrella like network governance model that is suitable for the development and management of biological resources in the South China Sea. Therefore, it provides systematical solutions to such problems that demands prompt solutions as fragmentation, segmentation, less-developed cross-border cooperation and dull overall governance, which emerged in solving biological resources development and management of the South China Sea practices to be solved fragmentation, weak issues such as the solution of the system. The results of these studies can provide a reference for the design of the central and local governments on the development strategy and management model of the biological resources in the South China Sea, and further to improve the framework of the integrated management system of the South China Sea region.