The North Sea Governance Model In The Context Of Global Ocean Governance

North Sea marine governance is rich in content,mature in concept,system and operation,and in some aspects is more advanced than other semi-closed sea areas marine governance,worthy of in-depth study.It is worthwhile to study the "North Sea governance model" in the context of global ocean governance,and its experience and practice in the South China Sea ocean governance,has important academic value and practical significance.Global ocean governance belongs to the category of global governance,which is an important area of global governance and the collective action of the international community to deal with global problems in the field of ocean that have affected or will affect all mankind.Global ocean governance is a composite concept whose basic theory is derived from governance theory and global governance theory,while inheriting the core ideas,basic spirit and basic requirements of governance theory.Global ocean governance is an organic whole composed of four elements,including goals,rules,subjects and objects.The fundamental goal of global ocean governance is to achieve harmony between people and the sea on a global scale and to promote sustainable development and utilization of the ocean.The regulation of global ocean governance includes a series of treaties,conventions,agreements,declarations,principles,norms and other formal and informal rule systems that regulate the sea-related behavior of all countries and maintain the normal international ocean order.The subjects of global ocean governance include sovereign governments,international intergovernmental organizations,international non-governmental civil society organizations,global civil society organizations,multinational enterprises and individuals,etc.Among them,sovereign governments are the core subjects,and cooperation among countries is the basic way to achieve global ocean governance.The objects of global ocean governance mainly include marine security,marine environment,marine resources development and utilization,global climate change,and response to marine emergencies,which need to be addressed by the international community.North Sea ocean governance is an important part of global ocean governance,which has been carried out early,with wide influence and great effectiveness.The incipient form of North Sea ocean governance began in the 1960 s,and its entry point was the North Sea Hydrographic Commission and the Bonn Agreement.The focus areas of the early regional cooperation were mainly marine pollution prevention and control and environmental protection,which are still important elements of North Sea ocean governance today.The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea(UNCLOS)is the regulatory basis for global ocean governance in the North Sea region.The North Sea,with its semi-enclosed sea attributes,has become the jurisprudential basis for the "North Sea governance model",which advocates a semi-enclosed sea regime of mutual cooperation among actors.From the perspective of global ocean governance,the North Sea ocean governance as a regional practice of global ocean governance,some of the concepts and practices in the semi-closed sea area ocean governance in a leading position.North Sea ocean governance is not only associated with global governance and global ocean governance,but also has a natural connection with concepts such as regionalism,regional governance and regional cooperation and their theories.The "North Sea governance model" is a model of North Sea ocean governance,which is derived from the analysis and research of the practical prototype,jurisprudential regulation and theoretical concepts of North Sea ocean governance.In the process of expanding interests,they seek common perceptions and goals of maritime governance,and use corresponding norms and codes of conduct as a framework to influence and interact with each other's concepts,mechanisms,actions and their effects.The advantages of regional cooperation in North Sea maritime governance are obvious,mainly in the form of sound regional cooperation institutions,perfect operational mechanisms,and relatively strong binding policy documents,which can be better implemented on the ground.The North Sea Commission of the Conference of Peripheral Maritime Regions,the INTERREG North Sea Region,the North Sea Conferences,the North Sea Offshore Authorities Forum and the North Sea Network of Investigators and Prosecutors are the main institutions of regional cooperation on North Sea marine governance and their main operation mechanisms,which play an irreplaceable role in North Sea marine governance.The North Sea coastal states,the EU and other international organizations' ocean policies also play an indispensable and important role in North Sea ocean governance.North Sea marine governance is characterized by the participation of government,business,academia and the private sector,the establishment of classified and graded projects,the focus on international cooperation and multi-layer governance,the "land and sea linkage" and the focus on spillover effects,and the long planning and strong foresight and strategy.Along with the modernization process of the surrounding areas of the North Sea,the environmental problems facing the North Sea marine governance are still serious and the challenges are still severe,mainly influenced by the mixed state of marine environmental quality in Europe,coupled with the environmental problems caused by production and life in the surrounding areas of the North Sea,as well as climate change leading to more fragile coastal and marine ecology.Therefore,deepen the North Sea marine governance,need to plan "sea and land linkage",in order to highlight the North Sea regional cooperation not only focus on marine governance spillover effect,but also reflect the marine governance to promote the economic and social development of the North Sea region.In the future,there will be ten major trends in North Sea marine governance: first,to create a healthy marine environment,second,to implement sustainable aquaculture and fisheries,third,to develop a sustainable blue economy,fourth,to develop new energy in the North Sea region,fifth,to build an interoperable North Sea region,sixth,to realize barrier-free cross-border circulation in the North Sea region,seven,to realize clean shipping,new energy and inclusive transportation,eighth,to build an innovative North Sea region,nine,enhancing the skills and capabilities of researchers,students and the workforce and their mobility,and ten,recycling resources.The concept of "a community of shared future for mankind" proposed by China has been widely recognized and applied in the field of global ocean governance.As an important part of the "community of shared future for mankind",the "community of shared future for ocean" is the Chinese wisdom and Chinese solution to maintain maritime security and stability and promote global ocean governance.I believe that the North Sea region has formed a more mature experience and practices of marine governance-"North Sea governance model",worthy of reference in the South China Sea marine governance practice.But not blindly,must take into account the South China Sea and the North Sea are located in the geopolitical environment,historical and cultural and economic development levels and other differences,especially to pay great attention to the complexity and seriousness of disputes over sovereignty to the South China Sea maritime governance.For a long time,due to the involvement of extraterritorial powers in the South China Sea,especially the United States-led extraterritorial forces involved in the South China Sea to provoke right and wrong,making the South China Sea has become a geopolitical game area,security and stability are seriously threatened.The existence of this problem directly leads to the fundamental differences between the South China Sea marine governance and the North Sea marine governance,which seriously hinders the South China Sea marine governance to learn from the experience and practices of the North Sea marine governance.At present,to carry out regional maritime cooperative governance in the South China Sea,we should,on the premise that the partners recognize China's sovereignty over the South China Sea,focus on consolidating the existing cooperative achievements,and at the same time,draw on the experience and practices of the "North Sea governance model" to focus on environmental protection in the South China Sea,prevention and treatment of oil pollution at sea,conservation of fishery resources,and other "less sensitive" cooperative governance areas.In the meantime,we should learn from the experience and practice of the "North Sea governance model",focus on "low-sensitive" areas of cooperation and governance in the South China Sea and non-traditional security cooperation in the South China Sea with emphasis on maritime capacity building,continue to deepen bilateral and multilateral cooperation,consolidate and develop friendly and cooperative relations with ASEAN,unite countries in the South China Sea,exclude interference from extraterritorial countries,and accelerate the construction of a maritime community of shared future for the South China Sea.