Rural Land System Changes And Performance Analysis Since The Founding Of China

The way to solve problems of "Agriculture and Rural areas and Peasantry" is rural land reform. Rural land system is an important component of rural economic system. Rural land system reform directly affects rural economic development and social stability. Logical framework of this article is to study rural land system in China with the institutional change theory. Rural land system had experienced three changes since the founding of china. Reasons for rural land institutional change, organization and the environment are not the same, and which produce a different performance. Rural land has also changed the institutional environment with the social and economic development, the deepening of rural reform, improved market environment, and Household contract management system is lagging behind the development of modern agriculture, rural land system needs reform and adjustment to meet the development needs of modern agriculture,because ownership of rural land is not clear, the right of disposal of rural land is not complete, the individual production is scattered, not reach economies of scale, the outside of rural land system is increasing. In this paper I analyze three changes of rural land system change and performance, analyze China's rural land system change from the perspective of system evolution, and provide a theoretical basis for institutional change agricultural land for the next step.This article is divided into seven chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction, I propose research question, background, significance, methods, ideas and innovation. Chapter 2 is literature review, after the reform and opening up, the domestic scholars researched household contract management system and "three rural" issue. From chapter 3 to Chapter 6 are the main body of this article. Chapter 3 is the theory of institutional change, mainly to explain the theoretical framework of institutional change and provides a theoretical basis for the agricultural land system. Chapter 4 is agricultural land system changes and performance during the land reform. During the land reform, land system change met the Chinese traditional ideology and farmers'desire to own land, all farmers owned land ownership and right to dispose of the fruits of labor, individual and community interests were consistent, institutional incentive mechanism played a role, farmer had increased income, rural production was efficiency. Chapter 5 is rural land system changes and performance during co-operative stage which had two stages. The first stage is voluntary co-operative phase, first farmers self-carried out help each other, the State encouraged and guided that farmers Participated voluntary mutual aid and agricultural production cooperatives, institutional incentive mechanism was playing a role, there was some economies of scale, farmers increased income and Rural production was efficiency; The second stage is mandatory co-operative phase, the State set the system of choice, and established a single form of collective ownership of rural land which namely is senior clubs and communes. Institutional change was forced by Political force, was contrary to the subjective views of farmers, institutional incentive mechanism was lack, the income of farmers reduced, rural productivity declined. Chapter 6 is rural land household system changes and performance, ownership of agricultural land is not varied, which are owned collectively, farmers have the right to operate land and to dispose of the fruits of labor, institutional incentive mechanism is playing a role, farmers increase income and Rural production is efficiency. Chapter 7 is the conclusion and policy recommendations.