The Change Analysis Of Rural Land System In China

The problem of land has always been a hot issue people are concerning about throughout the history till today. The rulers of all dynasties all took advantage of controlling land to take charge of and consolidate their dominate position and adjusted the agrarian relations by means of establishing land system to maintain social stability. Land is a kind of special production goods. The land system reflects not only the political strategies of the ruler but also regime of a country. Well timed land system can inspire people's labor enthusiasm and improve land revenue and enhance social stability. Conversely, impractical land system will counteract people's labor enthusiasm and bring social contradictions.This thesis first explains what Rural land system is and then makes classification and analysis of all the Rural land systems from ancient time to present especially the time after the reform and opening up in history in China and explores the similarities and differences, and advantages and disadvantages of all the land systems including the slave owner land ownership system in slave society, feudal land ownership system in feudal society, peasants land ownership system, collective management system and household contract responsibility system in socialist society. It should be judged by means of performance analysis to see if the evolvement of the land system is successful. It is estimated that whether it is good for raising the standard of living for the people, whether it is helpful for increasing agricultural production, whether it is beneficial to promoting social equity, whether it is valuable for improving the overall national strengthen and whether it is propitious for maintaining social stability and prolonged peace and order of a country. This paper rightly makes the performance analysis of the evolvement of the Rural land systems during the different periods in history and tells the historic inevitability of the evolving.It is pointed out through analysis at the same time that the existing household contract responsibility system has already not been to able to completely meet the development of community economy and the need of the peasants as the reform and opening up policy goes deep. There comes out five shortcomings of this system gradually. First, there is only"contract"but no"product cooperation"under household contract responsibility system and the land revenue needs to be further increased. Secondly, land desolation and illegal utilization is common to see that the utilization rate is affected badly. Thirdly, it is not inadequately enforced of the land system in the rural areas and there exists the problem of land utilization inequality. The forth is that the development among areas and between urban and rural areas is not at the same level which has affected income of the peasants and the social stability. The last shortcoming is that the peasants'interest in land is not protected effectively. Basing on what have been said above about the shortcomings, the author presents five methods accordingly. First, it should be explored of transfer system of land to form scale management model with high quality and high efficiency to increase agricultural productivity. Secondly, it should be enhanced the supervision of land taking advantage of satellite remote-sensing and GIS technology. Thirdly, there should be some land to be planned as private plots according to the principle which describes as"no more land when persons added and no less land when persons reduced"so as to promote social equity. Fourthly, development of all areas should be planned as a whole to avoid the difference between the urban and rural areas under the macro-control of the central government. Lastly, it should be respected of the peasants'position of dominion on the basis of overall planning of land utilization. And it should be asked for and adopted opinions from the masses according to democratic process during the establishment and performance of land system which should be decided through discussions by peasant collective.