Key Technology Research For The Low-power Node Design Based On Wireless Sensor Networks

Due to size and cost constraints, wireless sensor network node in most cases can only be carried by its own battery power, however, by the tens of thousands of nodes for wireless sensor networks, the replacement of the battery is Extremely difficult but also almost impossible; but in practical applications of wireless sensor network lifetime have been asked by several months or even years, relatively limited and difficulties to supply the energy is to limit the application of wireless sensor network development the main problem; Therefore, to ensure Completion of the normal monitoring tasks under the premise of how to reduce nodes in the hardware and software design, energy consumption, thereby increasing the life cycle of the whole network is wireless sensor networks research needs to address the problem.Energy consumption for the main factors affect the node, by analyzing the overall structure of the sensor network, the node structure, communication and network coverage, this paper presents a mathematical model of wireless transmission of energy; and a single node energy-saving technologies, data fusion technology and cross- layer energy-saving algorithms for wireless sensor networks key energy-saving technologies were analyzed and summarized, focusing on analysis and comparison of the classic wireless sensor networks media access control algorithm, energy-saving algorithms, protocols and policies and other issues.In this paper, a single node, the node hardware and software designed to analyze the value of each part of the energy consumption, and further clarified the status of sensor nodes, sending status, receive state, idle state, data processing status and the proportion of energy consumption in sleep mode for the whole experiment provide the theoretical basis of the focus; through the hardware design details about the composition of the various parts of the node to analyze the role of each part and the principle of collaboration between them. Because in most practical applications, such as pressure, flow, level, temperature, humidity, concentration, distance, angle, etc. There will be a node sensor data and time correlation analysis of the actual working conditions by using the existing object data sensor data analysis to establish predictive variation, sensor nodes can also use the data to create different types of predictive respectively, through the predictive external variables corresponding to the credibility to get the sensor data value range, the sensor gain data and forecasts generated by the predictive value compared to only trusted processing sensor data before sending, so analyzing the past to reduce energy consumption for a single node is proposed based on the technology, intelligent transmission mechanism (Intelligent transmission mechanism, ITM), use of ITM, a single node while reducing the power to send its own data, on the other hand also reduces the sink node receive power; as a basis for sending data to reduce the number of nodes and data communication between nodes volume, lower node energy consumption, extend the life of the node, and then to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks.Finally, an example analysis confirmed the use of ITM, the node can effectively discard the error message, thereby reducing the energy consumption of nodes to extend the life of the node.