The Research On The Development Of Yunnan Preferential Policies Of Minority Nationality At University Entrance Exam

There are the most ethnic minorities in Yunnan province of China. There are 25 ethnic minorities people of which are generations living in Yunnan, including 15 ethnic minorities which only exit in Yunnan province and 7 Minority and Small Ethnics. What is more,55 ethnic minorities distribute in Yunnan province. This study selected preferential policies of minority nationality at university entrance exam of Yunnan province as the research object. The author collected preferential policies of minority nationality at university entrance exam of Yunnan province since 1950. Through combing and analyzing the preferential policies, the author divided the development of the minority university entrance examination preferential policies of Yunnan province into four stages:the first stage is exploration stage, which was from 1950 to 1965; the second stage is lag phase, which was from 1966 to 1976; the third stage is redeveloping stage, which was from 1977 to 1999; the last stage is steady stage, which was from 1999 until now. During the review and analysis of the Yunnan preferential policies of minority nationality at university entrance exam, the author found that the development of preferential policies has the following three characteristics:the first one is various form, which experienced the change of form about "lenient matriculation", "preferential matriculation", "matriculation by dropping points", "matriculation by adding points"; the second characteristic is content materialization, the content experienced from general content to detailed content; the third characteristic is multiple standards for partition, which is from the single standard about "nation identity" to multiple standards about "regional difference", "national development difference". To analyze the reasons for the development of Yunnan preferential policies of minority nationality at university entrance exam, the author discussed from the following aspects:the political background, which is the political appeal in different historical stages; the economic system, which changed from the planned economy to market economy; the development of minorities in natural conditions, level of economic development, cultural foundation and education level. Finally, the author discussed its rationality from the view of education fairness and social justice.Yunnan preferential policies of minority nationality at university entrance exam are based on education fairness and are the "unequal compensatory policy" for ethnic minority areas and poor minority groups. Education fairness is the cornerstone of social justice, and the implementation of this policy brings great development to Yunnan minorities and greatly promotes the social balance. The development is also in conformity with the principle of education fairness which highlights the equality of rights and respect for difference and unequal compensation. However, Yunnan preferential policies of minority nationality at university entrance exam still have some problems. As a matter of policy itself, they have little adjustment since 1999, and the change cannot keep step with the development of ethnic minorities. The policies are into burnout period and also have a certain impact on the ethnic culture. Judging from the execution; the policies also have a kind of deviation, which mainly displays the appearance of "free-rider" phenomenon and highlight of education quality problem. To solve the existing problems, this paper put forward the following feasible countermeasures:to strengthen minority legal protection; to strengthen supervision of policy execution; to promote elementary education in ethnic minority areas of Yunnan province; to promote high school education and water down the preparatory education; to timely adjust and develop the university entrance examination preferential policies according to the requirements of times.