The Study Of Dismission Due To Disease In Han Dynasty

Degradation is an important part of the Official management. Effective implementation of degradation has a very important role in the operation of the entire administrative system. In Han dynasty, degradation is mainly based on two reasons: Dismission due to crime and Dismission due to disease。Dismission due to disease is removing from one's position because of disease. when talking about degradation in Han dynasty, scholars always focused on Dismission due to crime ,but just a few of people were interested in Dismission due to disease. After handed down the literatures on relevant cases of Dismission due to disease,the author try to explore the causes,structure and characteristics of Dismission due to disease in Han dynasty, aiming to get some benefits of the bureaucracy in Han dynasty .Firstly, this paper classified the appellations of Dismission due to disease in literatures and then got the ways and means of Dismission due to disease. Dismission due to disease has a very important relationship with leave system,the period of sick leave is three months, if overdue , the official would be immediately removed from his position. There are a variety of appellations of Dismission due to disease in the literatures, such as"Yi bing mian"(以病免)"Cheng ji mian"(称疾免)"Tuo bing mian gui"(托病免�')etc. After studying the cases of Dismission due to disease in literatures ,the author consider that"Man san yue mian"(满三月免)is not the only way of Dismission due to disease,there is another approach called"Asking for dismission".Secondly, after arranged the cases of Dismission due to disease in the literatures, this paper classified the real causes of Dismission due to disease into four categories: Dismission due to disease ; Dismission due to disease and old age; Dismission due to political factors and Dismission due to justice. Dismission due to disease ;and Dismission due to disease and old age are the result of real disease ,they can be considered as a legitimate reason, and is not the focus of this paper. Dismission due to political factors and Dismission due to justice meaning that in order to achieve some purpose officials get of officialdom on the reason of disease, where"disease"is non-real disease, just excuse and means.Thirdly, on the basis of the previous two chapters, the author carried out the structure of Dismission for disease, including the subject, procedures, results and treatment. Asking for dismission mainly concentrated in Three Excellencies and other senior officials, Being dismissed is applicable to all officials. Officials got ill and finally went home usually through three steps: Yibing(移病),Visiting patients(问疾),and Zou mian(奏免), a few of them would get the treatment of"Ci gao". In addition to dying at home attributed to acute disease, the majority of officers will choose officialdom, and some officials of Dismission due to justice would stay at home, and didn't get in to officialdom once more. Although the way of Dismission due to disease is removing official from his position, but some senior officials of Asking for dismission especially officials of Dismission due to disease and old age would usually get better treatment.Finally, this paper discusses the characteristics of Dismission due to disease in Han dynasty. As a special way of Degradation,Dismiss ion for disease has its more different characteristics from Dismission due to crime.Dismiss ion due to disease is not as simple as removing from position because of illness, it is largely affected by the political situation; there are many man-made factors in Dismission due to disease, many officials took Yi bing(移病) as a tool to gain political capital; It also reflects the principle of the supremacy of the monarch , whether the official eventually go home largely depends on the will of the emperor. In Dismission due to disease, the monarch and his subjects as if performed an interactive play. To some extent, it reflects the Chinese people's behavior called"Showing patterns". Dismission due to disease has important effects on the Official management in Han dynasty; it promotes the flow of officials, regulates the relationship between the monarch and his subjects, but at the same time become a wonderful excuse to escape culpability.