A Study On The Urban People's Commune In Guangzhou City

The urban people's commune in Guangzhou city lasted for more than 4 years, during which time it experienced local experiments from 1958 to 1959, mass irrational implementation in 1960, later rectification movement and in 1962, another rectification sentenced it to death. The urban people's commune in Guangzhou city embodied the needs of the Great Leap Forward and it was also the product of rural people's commune.The foundation of urban people's commune is the commune industry. And the industry in Guangzhou was based on the civil industry founded in 1958. In order to stimulate people's enthusiasm and improve productivity effect, the system of ownership and management of commune industry experienced repeatedly adjustment, from large-scale collective system to small-scale collective system. However, because of the solidification of ideology and the serious disadvantages of people's commune itself, commune industry could not radiate vigor through adjustment.Setting up collective welfare undertakings as community centers was an important part of the urban people's commune. After experiencing a great growth, the community centers of Guangzhou people's commune immediately faced a series of problems. In order to solve these problems, Guangzhou people's commune had to take series measures. However, these measures could not stop the falling of community centers. The construction of community centers was the result of the intervening of political power. It was driven up to a political position which seriously divorcing from the living reality of urban people.Purchasing unpaid use of materials and human resources is just like a malignancy living in the skin of commune. It eroded the validity of the commune, making it rather weaker. There were many ways to purchase unpaid using of material and human resources, which made people became discontented and opponent to the party. In a word, purchasing unpaid using of material and human resources, to a certain degree, destroyed the reputation of the party and brought serious consequences.The urban people's commune was only a small part in the long history. Its ending up in vain was not incidental, which gave deep thinking to later generation. First, people that time didn't have a clear recognition of the nature of the people's commune. They were wild about large in size and collective in nature of the commune. Meanwhile, it was difficult for the commune to play different roles in managing politic,economy and culture, which resulted in confusion management and ineffective production and the end of the people's commune.After analyzing and studying the urban people's commune in Guangzhou city, the researcher thinks back to the movement from the point of ideological roots, path and means, How to draw up social developing strategies and avoid the tendency to seek quick results, basing on fully awareness and following the law of social development, is significant to the socialist modernization drive today.