Surney On Pesticide Residues Of Marketed Vegetables In Six Cities And Towns Of Jilin Province

Pesticide is the indispensable materials in modern agriculture production, which guarantees the increase of the agricultural production and income. Pesticide is widely used all over the world, the definition of which has changed during different times. Pesticides , in Regulations on The Control of Agricultural Chem of People's Republic of China, mean mixtures or preparations of one or more substances by chemical synthesis or originating from organisms or other natural substances with the intent to prevent, eliminate or put under control plant diseases, insect pests, weeds or other living beings harmful to agriculture and forestry and to purposely regulate the growth of plants and insects. The use of pesticide has benefited human being a lot on the agricultural production and the control of the pests, but at the same time, a problem which is cannot be neglected has occurred around the world, that is , the pesticide residue. Pesticide residues is the name for the pesticides that remain on the organisms, food, agricultural and subsidiary products, feeding stuff and also the pesticides remain in the environment, and the toxic metabolite, converted products and reactant and impurities are also included in pesticide residues.The main task of monitoring food safety risks is to determine the pesticide residues in vegetables and fruits. The pesticide is used mostly on vegetables. Among many pollutants which are influencing the food safety, the level of pesticide residues is the most important factor to see to what extent the food has been polluted, especially the pesticide residues in the vegetables. The agricultural productions are not in the same pattern in different parts of China owning to our own situation, and the individual plantation is the main method used in agriculture, which is different from the method of massive farming in the developed countries. These have increased the uncertainty of the amount of pesticide residues on agricultural products. During the process of planting, what kind of pesticide has been used is hard to control and it is even harder to determine the amount of the pesticide residues, so it is quite necessary to improve the determination work of the pesticide residues. The pesticide residues problem, which has drawn many people's attention, is also the food safety problem. Pesticide plays a vital role on agriculture production but it also brought challenges to the food safety. There are many reasons that influence the pesticide residues, like the quality of the pesticide itself and the environment, but the key reason is the way the pesticide has been used.Objective:The determination work of the pesticide residues is carried out on vegetables from the market in 6 cities and towns of Jilin Province. The aim of this work is to see the distribution of the pesticide residues in these 6 cities and towns and the level of the pollutants. The information of baseline data can also be acquired. Thus, the scientific data can be provided for the food safety risk warning, people's health and the food safety.Methods:There is a sampling point in each of the following 6 cities and towns of Jilin Province: Yanbian area, Changchun city, Siping city, Taonan city, Fusong town and Panshi city. 450 pieces of vegetables has been sampled from the local market retailers of these 6 cites and towns. According to the standard procedure in Monitoring Manual on Chemical Contaminants in Food and Harmful Factors, 41 kinds of pesticide has been determined by gas chromatography method , including Organophosphorus pesticide , Carbamate, and Pyrethroid.Result:The detection rate of three main pesticides in sampling vegetables is 86.00%, and the highest rate is detected in eggplants. The exceeding rate is 27.11% and the needle mushroom is the highest. The detection rate of Organophosphorus pesticide is 15.78%, and the highest rate is found in chives. The exceeding rate is 9.33%, among which the chives and needle mushroom are the highest. The detection rate of Carbamate pesticides is 52.00%, and the highest rate is detected in oyster mushroom. The exceeding rate is 6.00%, and chives and cucumber hold the highest rate. The detection rate of Pyrethroid pesticides is 52.00%, and the highest rate is found in chives. The exceeding rate is 14.89%, among which the potato is the highest. The vegetable that have been detected with most pesticide residues is the chives. The vegetables that have the highest exceeding rates are cucumber and needle mushroom. It can be concluded that the vegetables that are detected with more kinds of pesticide residues also have the higher exceeding rate. The more kinds the vegetable contains, the more exceeding rate it has.The detection rates of pesticide residues on the selling vegetables are different if detected in different times. The month in which the highest rate is detected is May. But the exceeding rate does not change a lot in different times.There are altogether 30 kinds of pesticide residues detected from the selling vegetables. These 30 kinds constitute 73.17% in all pesticides that have been detected. Eleven kinds of pesticides have not been found out. The number of the samples that have been polluted by the pesticides is 387. The detection times of the pesticide residues on every sampling vegetable reaches to 1166. The pesticide that can be found with the most times is Isoprocarb among all 41 kinds of pesticide residues detected.Many sampling vegetables contain many kinds of pesticide residues. The vegetables which have more than 2 kinds of pesticide residues come to 66.7%.Conclusion:1. Fifteen kinds of Organophosphorus pesticides have been tested from the selling vegetable samples in the 6 cities and towns of Jilin Province. The detection rate on the whole is 15.78%. The exceeding rate is 9.33%. The forbidden pesticides have been detected from all the samples which are exceeding in pesticide residues. There are 7 kinds of forbidden Organophosphorus pesticides detected and the misuse of pesticide is existing. The detection rate and the exceeding rate of Organophosphorus pesticide are quite different in different detecting times.2. Eight kinds of Carbamate pesticides have been detected in the vegetable samples. The detection rate on the whole is 52.00% and the exceeding rate is 6.00%. The misuse of pesticide Carbofuran is existing. The ranking of the qualified vegetables in the 450 samples from the highest to the lowest are shown as following: long bean, potato > needle mushroom, shii-take >eggplant> oyster mushroom, cucumber, and chives. In different detecting times, the detection rates of Carbamate pesticide are obvious different, but the exceeding rates do not have such differences.3. Seven kinds of pyrethroid pesticides have been detected in the vegetable samples. The detection rate on the whole is 52.00%, and the exceeding rate is 14.89%. In different detecting times, the detection rates do not have obvious differences, but the exceeding rates do.4. After having tested the 41 kinds pesticides of 3 main categories, it is figured out that the detection rates of Carbamate pesticide and Pyrethroid pesticide are much higher than Organophosphorus pesticide. The high effective and low toxic Carbamate pesticide and pyrethroid pesticide are the dominants of the pesticide residues on the selling vegetables in 6 cities and towns of Jilin Province. The detection rate of Organophosphorus pesticide is relatively low. The common-used pesticides are turning into the high effective and low toxic ones.5. The most obvious problem in the 6 cities are the over amount of the pesticide residues on the selling vegetables. The vegetables which have been detected with more than 2 kinds of residues reaches 66.67%. The safety problem caused by the too-much pesticide residues is not certain right now, so it is necessary to further strengthen the detection work of the pesticide residues and the evaluation of the safety of pesticide residues on vegetables.