| Small town is the community between rural and urban, it's important in the development of Urbanization and the building of New Socialist Countryside, and it's the base of the urban system in China. Water supply facility is an important component of Small town's infrastructure system, and it's the guarantee for the small town's sustainable development. The urban water supply facility in China has got a long-term development, but the development of small town's water supply facility has been ignored for a long time. As every region implements the policy of"Small Town, Great Tactic", the existence problems of small town's water supply facility has appeared and countermeasures are needed.This paper replies on Yunnan Provincial Department of housing and Urban-Rural Development, according to the development status survey of small towns'water supply facilities of Yunnan Province, to study the basic situation of the small towns and the construction, investment and management status of small towns'water supply facilities. On the basis of that, takes Yunnan Province for example, the paper analyzes the major problems of small town's water supply facility in China, and studies the corresponding countermeasures and its measures.In the first stage of the survey, the basic situation of Yunnan Province's small towns is investigated, including the definition and the amount of small towns, population, area, and the compilation status of small towns'planning. The paper also classifies the small towns into six types, which are Agriculture Type, Industry Type, Commerce Type, Tourism Type, Ecology Type and Border Crossings Type.The first stage of the survey also investigates the amount of the small towns'infrastructures. In inspect of the water supply facilities, in 1152 small towns, the percentage of the small towns that waterworks were built in is 31.94%, and the percentage of water supply networks is 33.33%. Then, basis on the amount of small towns'water supply facilities, the second stage of the survey was carried out. The second stage of the survey focuses on the construction, investment and management status of small towns'water supply facilities.For the construction status, firstly, the water source and the in-taking mode is investigated, and the surface water is the major source of the water supply facilities, the in-taking mode of flow by gravity is in common use. Secondly, the capacities of the supplying capacity, water purifying technologies, etc, are investigated, and 149 waterworks'total daily supplying capacity is 1,442,000 m3/d, which means less than 1,000 m3/d on average, furthermore, the most of waterworks are lag in technology. Lastly, the length of the water supply networks, service population and service space, tubing, are investigated, and the total length of 98 water supply networks is 1,456.888 Km, the cast-iron pipe is the major tubing. For the investment status, the scale, subject and the mode, etc, are investigated. The total investment of 127 small towns'water supply facilities is $566 millions. The governments play important roles in the investment, which its proportion is up to 70%.For the management status, the subject, cost, water rate, and the situation of profit and loss, etc, are investigated. The governments and the companies within government background are the major subjects in the investment of small towns'water supply facilities. The average water rate of 96 small towns is $1.09 per cube meter. In the mass, the small towns'water supply facilities are running at a loss.Otherwise, the survey collects the comments and proposals of the governors and managers of small towns'water supply facilities through telephone interviews and that helps to the analysis of the problems.Base on the investigation and statistics data, the paper sums up five major problems of small town's water supply facilities, which are"Lack of Protection Measures for Water Source","Short of Water Supply Facilities","Poor Construction Quality","Limited Cost Input","Bad Economic Results". The paper also gives the five corresponding countermeasures, which are"Enhance the Water Source Protection","Accelerate the Construction of Water Supply Facilities","Improve the Quality of Water Supply Facilities","Build the Rational Investment Platform","Pursue the Advanced Management Mode". |
