Wireless Sensor Network Based On Pso Clustering Routing Study

The development of Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), sensor technology, embedded technology and wireless communication technologies promote the emergence and development of wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor network(WSN) can monitor, sense, and collect real-time information and communicate by self-organizing approach, transmit it to the users by self-organizing way after processing, integration, and it has been widely used in national defense and military, environmental monitoring, security, production, health care, space exploration, urban traffic management, forest fire monitoring, smart homes and other areas. So WSN has very broad application prospects and high research value, it has been paid close attention by academe and industry circles and becomes a hot research field in recent years. However, due to the storage, computing and communication capacity of the sensor nodes are limited, so how to collect information and transmit it to the base station in an energy-efficient way becomes a key issue.Taking an overview of the research in domestic and abroad, many scholars have done a lot of work and made great achievements in clustering and routing for wireless sensor network, but some problems are still to be solved. Research results showed that cluster-based topology is effective in saving energy and bandwidth, but after running over a period of time, it is difficult to balance the residual energy of all the inter-cluster members. In addition, with the number of the sensor nodes increasing, the path search space increases exponentially, so it is very important to explore an effective heuristic algorithm to solve the clustering and routing problem for WSN.Particle Swarm Optimization is a new intelligent optimization algorithm, it build on the principles of birds preying, and search the optimal solution by collaboration of particles. PSO has the advantages of simple concepts, implementing easily and converging quickly, and also it is robust, distribut and suitable to and parallel processing, it is an effective global search algorithm. PSO has been applied in function optimization, neural networks, combinatorial optimization, and other areas successfully. It is found that PSO adapt to the status of WSN and the change of dynamic network topology, it is similar to the performance requirements of WSN routing. So it has research value to optimize the WSN clustering and routing using PSO.Clustering and routing protocols for WSN are analyzed, the main work in this paper is listed as followed:(1)After collecting the domestic and foreign related materials, the characteristics of current WSN routing and design requirements are summarized, and the current classic routing protocols are analyzed, and also the key issues and the problems to be solved are pointed out. (2) How to determine the optimal cluster number dynamically is discussed, and the factors which influence the optimal cluster number are also analyzed. Simulation results show that after running LEACH with the optimal cluster number, the network life is prolonged comparing with classic LEACH.(3) The quality of residual energy balance, the remaining energy of the nodes, the energy consumption in this round are taken into consideration synthetically, an energy-balancing clustering algorithm based on PSO with non-linear decreasing inertia weight(MPSO-C)is proposed to balance the power load. To evaluate the performance of the algorithm, Matlab is used to simulate the proposed algorithm, simulation results show that MPSOC algorithm has better performance comparing with LEACH, not only the network lifetime is prolonged so that the network void is avoided to some extent, but also more data mssages are received at the base station after the same round. It demonstrates the proposed algorithm is effective in balancing network energy.(4) In order to avoid some nodes dying too early due to overloading, the node communicate in hybrid routing strategy, cluster number communicate with the corresponding cluster head in a single hop manner, while cluster head communicate with Sink in single-hop and multi-hop hybrid way between intra-cluster. A routing algorithm based on priority encoding PSO with energy inspired for WSN is proposed to reduce the probability of invalid path, and it provides a new route optimization idea for WSN.