Wireless Sensor Network Topology Control Strategy Study

With the rapid development in low-power wireless communications.MEMS-based sensor technology and embedded computing,wireless sensor networks(WSN) have become a very hot research topic.Since sensor nodes have stringent limitations on energy,computation, communication and memory capabilities,in order to prolong the lifetime of the whole network, how to save energy of the sensors is a challenging issue.Topology control is one of the most important functions in WSN.Compared with tradition networks,sensor networks have the following features:A sensor network typically consists of a large number of nodes with a dense distribution.The nodes have very limited energy,storage space and computing ability.Wireless sensor networks usually work in high-risk regions and unable to get close,sensor nodes are likely to be battery powered,and it is often very difficult to change or recharge batteries for these nodes.Of these,energy efficiency for extending network lifetime is one of the most important topics to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks.Topology control protocol plays an important role in WSN,How to design a reasonable topology control protocol is the focus of this paper,the purpose of doing that is to save the limited energy of sensor nodes and improve network lifetime.In this paper,the concepts,system structure,feature and the application areas of Wireless sensor network are introduced firstly.Then analyzed several key technologies of it,Meanwhile, many typical routing protocols are analyzed and evaluated overall.Based on the study above,we present a Hop Count-based Uneven Clustering topology control protocol(HCUC).Used the node hops to replace the node location information,not only saved the energy cost by GSP positioning device but also expanded the applied scope of the network.The algorithm based on network coverage and the node's residual energy to select the cluster heads,making the number of cluster heads in accord with the optimal number of cluster heads and ensuring the quality of the cluster heads.Because the "multi to signal"communications feature of WSN,we chooseing cluster's radius along with the distance between the base station and nodes to reduce the influence of network performance initiative caused by "hot pot".Simulating the HCUC protocol by NS2,the results show that the Hop Count-based Uneven Clustering topology control protocol(HCUC) can distributed the energy consumption between nodes more efficient,increased the network survival time and network throughout.