Research On Clustering-based Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks

In the large-scale wireless sensor networks, all the information collected by nodes should eventually be transferred to the base station, whatever through single-hop or multi-hop method. According to the research, by organizing the senor nodes in the form of cluster, we can effectively reduce the energy consumption of network and prolong the life cycles. So many energy efficient routing protocols are designed on the base of cluster structure. In the networks which based on clustering protocol, the cluster head can collect the data from member-nodes and actualize data fusion. It also assembled the mass data collected by the sense organs into effective information aggregation with less quantity and send to the base stations through multi-hop.This thesis introduces the architecture of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) briefly, pays close attention to the leading achievements in WSNs field around the whole world, and summarizes the related information on the comparison of the several popular protocols. On the base of analyzing the existing WSNs clustering algorithms, this thesis proposes this Energy Heterogeneous Unequal Clustering Protocol (EHUC) for wireless sensor networks.On the basis of unequal clustering, EHUC protocol adopts a new Cluster-head competition parameter, which can reduce the control message cost during cluster formation and solve the net nodes energy heterogeneous problem in a better way. Besides, EHUC uses a node scheduling method based on the intra-cluster coverage to effectively control active node quantity with the satisfaction of coverage demand by controlling the density of the active nodes, which can reduce the redundant data. After the cluster formation, EHUC construct s the inter-cluster multi-hop routing with the collections of cluster-heads, reduces the quantity of cluster-heads which communicates with base directly by multi-hop method, and further lessens the energy costs. More improving energy efficiency, balancing every node's load, extending a network's lifetime, a new deployment mechanism is that nodes are deployed with optimal spacing; every node optimal spacing formula is present. The deployment mechanism of sensor nodes are good useful with energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks.EHUC protocol uses the OPNET Modeler simulation platform. According the result, the protocol not only lowers the net costs, but also balances the cluster-heads energy costs, saves the node energy effectively, lengthen the life cycle of WSNs. All these results and analysis have showed its advantage on the energy validity. As a result, the WSNs routing protocol--EHUC protocol has a better energy validity.