Clustering Routing Protocol For Wireless Sensor Networks Based On Energy Conservation

Routing protocol is a key point in the research of wireless sensor networks. Wireless sensor networks have different features comparing traditional wireless networks, the sensor nodes have very limited energy and resource supply, which greatly influence the research on routing protocols, and many other characters of WSNs bring new technical requirements for routing protocols. So the purpose of this paper is to research new energy-efficient routing protocols for WSNs.Firstly, this paper introduces the conception, characteristics, key technologies and energy saving technologies of WSNs briefly, including the characteristics and design requirements of routing protocols for WSNs, and analyses the existing typical routing protocols, especially LEACH protocol which is the representative of the clustering routing protocols, and points out their advantages and disadvantages.Secondly, this paper assimilates the idea of clustering and proposes an energy efficient routing protocol based on clustering (EERPC). The main target of this protocol is energy saving, and it has several new points during the design process, such as in the establishment phase, it adopts TDMA mechanism to avoid the collisions of message and designs a new cluster selection mechanism based on the optimal cluster heads and energy adapt threshold, and in the stable phase, it designs a routing mechanism based on sector and multi-hop and a energy-aware data transmission strategy. These new strategies allow the protocol to balance the energy consumption of each node.Thirdly, we simulate EERPC routing protocol in NS2 software platform. Based on simulation result, we find EERPC protocol can reduce the overall energy consumption of network, prolong the lifetime of network and increase the amount of reception data effectively comparing with DIRECT protocol, LEACH protocol and LEACH-C protocol.Finally, taking into account the scarcity and practicality of three-dimensional routing protocol, this paper extends traditional clustering routing protocols and EERPC protocol to three-dimensional space to form 3D-LEACH protocol and 3D-EERPC protocol, and then realizes them on simulation platform. The simulation results show that 3D-EERPC protocol is better than 3D-LEACH protocol on energy efficiency in the three-dimensional space.