Research On Route Selection Of Underwater Wireless Sensor (Floating) Network Based On Energy Optimization

As humans’ demands for marine resources increasing, many countries in the world have developed new underwater devices for information acquisition. Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN) appears with the excellent information perception, acquisition, processing and transmission, which have largely been applied in many fields, such as underwater targets detection and localization, oceanographic data collection, disaster prevention and resources exploitation. So it opens up a fire-new field in information industry. With the development of UWSN, many kinds of important technologies, for example, the node localization technology, the energy-efficient technology and the network communication technology, are also improved. Not only is the energy-efficient technology the basis of many other technologies, but also as an important reference can demonstrate the performance of other technologies. Therefore, our work will mostly focus on how to save node’s energy and balance energy consumption of the networks.This paper firstly reviews the research status of energy-efficient strategies in UWSN, and also introduces the characteristics of underwater acoustic channel. Moreover, two main reasons which affect the network lifetime are analyzed. One is that each sensor node carries very limited energy. The other is that underwater acoustic channel has slower transmission speed, longer transmission delay and higher transmission loss than the radio channel, which restricts acoustic signals. This requires the study of UWSN routing protocols on how to reduce the energy consumption of nodes, how to ensure the transmission of data fast, accurate, effective, and how to extend the network to consider the full life-cycle and other issues.Compared with traditional networks, the routing protocols of UWSN take energy as the first choice. Moreover, the most important goal of routing protocols design is prolonging network lifetime. That is, a good routing protocol can save nodes’energy and balance energy consumption of networks. Therefore we can design efficient routing protocols to accomplish the goal. Firstly, we introduce main characteristics of the routing protocols of UWSN and the existing routing protocols based on different classification standards. Then, by describing the construction of traditional energy routing protocols, we find these protocols have one-sidedness to deal with the problem about energy consumption of networks. So considering all factors which influence the construction of the routing protocols, we propose the routing protocol based on the improvement of LEACH and ant colony algorithm. Considering the residual energy of nodes, energy consumption of nodes’communication and the number of hops, by using the ant colony algorithm, finding out the most energy efficient data transmission path.Because of the complexity of underwater acoustic channel, the underwater wireless sensor network is a float type. Based on this, this paper routing energy efficiency strategy of wireless sensor network based on surface floater. First, through the description of the traditional energy routing protocol is presented in this article, pointed out that the sensor node is set floated on the water. Then considering the effects of several energy routing protocols, the improved routing protocol leach and based on ant colony algorithm is put forward. Solved by ant colony algorithm, considering the residual energy of nodes, communication between energy consumption and the number of hops, the most energy efficient data transmission path is found.