Research On Efficient And Reliable Routing For Underwater Acoustic Wireless Sensor Networks

Underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs)is the fundamental technology for Internet of Underwater Things(Io UT),which has broad application prospects and high research value in the fields of marine resource surveying,marine environmental protection,earthquake and tsunami disaster warning,aided navigation and military defence.Routing protocols is the key technology for ensuring the reliability and effectiveness of data transmission in UASNs,and it has been a research hotspot in academia and industry in recent years.However,UASNs suffer from network voids,energy constraints,topology dynamics and channel quality depending on the environment,resulting in network communication problems such as routing voids,low delivery rates,low energy efficiency and high latency,which need to be addressed urgently.Therefore,the MDTRP protocol(Multi-Metric Decision Theory Based Routing Protocol for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network)and the VAEOR protocol(A Void Avoidance and Energy-balancing Opportunistic Routing for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network)are proposed in this paper,which focus on how to avoid routing holes,balance network energy-consumption and enhance data transmission reliability.The main research contents and innovation points of this paper are as follows:(1)The MDTRP protocol was proposed to solve the problem of routing voids and link instability between nodes.In the MDTRP protocol,a void avoidance scheme based on the continual degree and depth of the node is proposed.At the same time,the exponential smoothing method is adopted to predict the quality of links and the dependency degree of adjacent nodes,which improves the stability of links and the success rate of data forwarding between adjacent nodes.Finally,the concept of capability factor of nodes is proposed,and the optimal algorithm for next-hop selection is implemented using a Multi-metric decision theory,which provides a highly reliable strategy basis for path selection in UASNs.(2)To further improve and optimize the void avoidance capability and energy efficiency of MDTRP protocol,this paper proposes another optimized-algorithm VAEOR protocol.This protocol predicts the lifetime of nodes based on energy consumption model,and then proposes a void avoidance scheme based on the continual degree and life state of the node.To improve the reliability of data transmission at each hop,a new method to determine node position state based on continual degree,belonging area and communication ability of nodes is presented.Finally,the idea of weighting is introduced to integrate the location state and life state factors to construct the node forwarding fitness function,and then the data opportunity forwarding strategy is designed by combining the node fitness and forward effective distance to effectively improve the communication quality and network energy efficiency of UASNs.This paper mainly uses the OPNET to simulate and verify the above two routing protocols and compare them with the DBR protocol and GEDAR protocol.The simulation results show that the MDTRP protocol is better than DBR and GEDAR in terms of packet delivery rate,end-to-end delay and number of redundant packets.And compared with the other three protocols,VAEOR can effectively solve the routing void problem and present a higher packet delivery rate.In addition,end-to-end delay,network energy consumption,the lifetime of the network and standard deviation of network residual energy are better than other protocols.