Research On Energy-Efficient Routing Protocol In Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a self-organized wireless network via wireless communication by a mass of sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring area. Recently, with the development of microelectronics, sensor technology and telecommunication technology, WSNs have been applied in more and more fields. Sensor nodes are usually battery powered. Once deployed, WSNs have to operate without maintenance for a long time, and sensor nodes are without energy supply, which seriously restricts the development of technology of WSNs. Therefore, designing energy-efficient routing protocol to prolong network lifetime is the key topic in the research of WSNs.A distribution-aware and uneven clustering routing protocol (UCDAEE) is proposed for solving the problem of unbalanced energy dissipation of cluster heads in clustering routing protocols. The proposed protocol selects candidate cluster heads by node density and distribution of neighbor nodes, adjusts election radius according to residual energy and the distance between the node and the base station (BS), and elects final cluster heads based on residual energy. The cluster near the BS is smaller than the one far from the BS, so the cluster head near the BS has more energy for transmitting data from other clusters to balance the energy dissipation of sensor nodes in different area, which efficiently prolongs network lifetime. Moreover, in different scale networks and heterogeneous networks, the protocol can adapt to the change of nodes density and energy difference, and keeps high energy utilization efficiency.An event-driven dynamic clustering protocol (EEDEC) is designed for the need of energy-efficiency, high data accuracy and fast real-time response for the application with abrupt event occurrence. The mechanism of constructing clusters only by the nodes sensing the occurrence of the event not only avoids dissipating too much energy for broadcasting message through the whole network but also saving energy for the nodes that have not sensed the event. Furthermore, the efficient routing strategy decreases data transmission delay and the routing repair mechanism improves data transmission reliability. Experiment results verify the energy-efficiency and scalability of the protocol.