Research On Routing And Positioning Algorithms For Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

With the rise of the Silk Road on the sea,the national exploration and attention to the sea is increasing.Underwater Sensor Network(UWSN)has been paid more and more attention.As the extension of Wireless Sensor Networks(WSN)under water,UWSN has a wide application prospect in marine agriculture,sea mineral exploration,flammable ice energy development and so on.UWSN has become a hot research field.However,the underwater environment is complex and changeable,and the underwater acoustic channel has the characteristics of high temporal and spatial variation,low bandwidth and high propagation delay,which causes the mature solutions in wireless sensor network(WSN)can not be applied directly to underwater.First of all,the routing protocol and location technology of underwater wireless sensor network are studied.The current status of routing and positioning of underwater line sensor networks is introduced.The routing protocols based on location information,vector forwarding and relative distance between nodes are introduced in detail.Then,the location protocol based on Intelligent buoys,the principle of projection mapping based on projection mapping and the prediction based location algorithm are introduced in detail.Underwater sensor network(UWSN)adopts acoustic wave communication,which has the characteristics of high energy consumption,long propagation delay and dynamic topology.On the basis of analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of underwater positioning algorithm,in view of the characteristics of small coverage of traditional algorithms,large calculation of underwater nodes and low positioning precision,this paper adopts a centralized and distributed hybrid positioning method to nodes based on the method of RTOF distance measurement.We further use k-means clustering algorithm to optimize the location of nodes.In view of the limited energy of nodes in the underwater sensor network,the energy consumption is uneven,the network holes are generated,and the network survival time is short.Therefore,special routing protocols are needed to meet the requirements of adaptability,robustness,high energy efficiency and energy balance.In this paper,the RPL protocol is improved,considering the ETX(Expected Transmission Count),energy,depth,and the latest transmission time as the basis for routing,and using multipath transmission and improved route repair.Through the NS2 simulation test,the RPL protocol,after the underwater environment improvement,reduces the end to end delay,reduces the energy consumption,improves the successful delivery rate of the data,and can extend the network life cycle at the high balance of the node's load.