Late Qing & Early Wireless Telegraphy Spread Through Journals In China

Literature analysis and statistics methods are used to primarily analyze the path, content, means and influence of dissemination of radio-telegraphy technology over China through journal, clarify the situation of dissemination of radio-telegraphy tech-nology through journal in late Qing Dynasty and early the Republic of China, provide the lesson for the research of recently technology transfer mechanism, create a new research area of history of science and technology.Comprehensive investigation was taken to the 3000 journals including tens of thousands articles. Between 1897 and 1919, the radio-telegraphy disseminate over China through journals included 185 articles in 51 kinds of journals. Of which ShiWuBao, Dong Fang Journal, Science Journal and Radio Monthly were the rep-resentative j ournals.Result show that ShiWuBao firstly named radio-telegraphy and electromag-netic wave in 1897. It's only 2 years between the first report in article named Radio-telegraphy and Marconi get the patent of radio-telegraphy. The dissem-ination of DongFang Journal was lasting 40 years, which publishing the origi-nal professional articles including scientific principle, research of penetrability, tor-pedo boat which controlled by radio-telegraphy. Science Journal firstly published the special issue which adverted the conception of electromagnetic induction, sig-nal transmission, radio base station, transmission obstacle, channel, rectification, signal inception. It investigated enterprise of our nation, and offered proposals for the development of radio-telegraphy in our nation. Radio Monthly was the first professional journal of radio-telegraphy. It magisterially adverted the survey of ra-dio making technology at home and abroad, the bylaw of management of radio station, the facility and technology of radio-telegraphy at home and abroad. The main editors and authors including WANG Chong-zhi, YUN Zhen, NI Shang-da were the first batch of pacesetters of Chinese radio enterprise. It firstly published Draft of Radio Translated Term or Name which firstly listed the English and Chi-nese radio-telegraphy names in alphabetical order. It also described the general pic-ture of Chinese radio-telegraphy facilities market.The conclusion show that in the end of 1920s, organization of radio-telegraphy as one part of technology system has been formed. The indication was as follows. First, radio-telegraphy had the popular consent of society. Second, the mature theory of radio-telegraphy was introduced from west country. Third, the research group was consists of Science Society of China and so on. Forth, Shanghai Nanyang University was the first higher education of radio-telegraphy in China. Fifth, RadioMonthly was the first one to start the professional radio journal.Radio-telegraphy was one of the most influential and fastest disseminated tech-nology from technology import to independent innovation. In terms of physics, radio-telegraphy separated and influenced from physics, created several sub-disciplines such as radio physics, vacuum electronics, semiconductor physics and so on. In terms of technology, formed the new industrial sector, created several sub-disciplines such as radio electronics, telegraphy, electrotechnics and so on. In terms of social sciences, promoted the generation of new disseminator, journalism and the modes of informa-tion exchange, created sub-disciplines such as broadcasting and television stations, audio-visual education and so on. The course from traditional Chinese society to modern civilization was speeded up.The history of radio-telegraphy disseminated through journals in China can be divided into three periods:knowledge dissemination period, technology dissemina-tion period and organic-integral dissemination period. ShiWuBao firstly dissemi-nated the knowledge of radio-telegraphy in 1897, up to Dong Fang Journal started publication and disseminated radio-telegraphy technology, the dissemination of radio- telegraphy technology in this period was called knowledge dissemination period. Be-tween 1905 and 1925, as DongFang Journal continuously disseminated the radio-telegraphy technology, and Science Journal deeply disseminated the principle of radio-telegraphy technology, the dissemination of radio-telegraphy technology in this period was called technology dissemination period. Science Journal firstly pub-lished the special issue in 1925, up to the first professional radio-telegraphy journal——Radio Monthly was published in 1928, the dissemination of radio-telegraphy technology in this period was called organic-integral dissemination period.