On The Differentiation Of The Shanxi-chahar-hebei Anti-japanese Base Farmers

Jinchaji Anti-Japanese War Base Area is the first one behind enemy lines established under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. It was once praised as the "model anti-Japanese base area behind enemy lines and the model district of the United Front". Before the Japan Invasion War, mass peasants in China suffered economically a great deal from severe land rent, usurious loan and exorbitant taxes and excessive levies; while politically poor peasants had no political and democratic rights. Under these circumstances peasants' poverty was getting aggravating with the Japan Invasion. It is well known that anti-Japanese war was one with entire people mobilized and peasants as principal force. Therefore it was essential to mobilize mass peasants into anti-Japanese cause so as to win the victory over the War of Liberation. In the Jinchaji Anti-Japanese War Base Area, the local government and party branches implemented a series of policies and regulations which all transformed peasants' political and economic status. Thereafter, there was a new look among peasants at all levels, poor farmers and farmhands enjoyed an improved life as a result of improvement of political status. In this condition, among peasants there was differentiation basically tending to be the inner differentiation, another outer differentiation. In addition military and political staffs were the main channel for the peasants' differentiation, and with the war demand intellectuals greatly increased.The differentiation among peasants in the Jinchaji Anti-Japanese War Base Area arose in the particularly historic condition. Therefore, it was not a natural differentiation of normal state, but a social differentiation of non-normal state. The differentiation first originated from the relaxation of personal dependence as well as the development of peasants' concept, and the fundamental reason lied in the changes of the major social contradictions. That was due to the fact that Japanese invasion with slaughter and pillage greatly stimulated the national intensity of mass Chinese. So to speak, peasants' differentiation is a particular necessity. Meanwhile policies implemented by governments in Border Areas was an essential factor to motivate peasants' differentiation, and also promoted and guaranteed the consequences.