"confucius" Pronoun Analysis

Over the years,having been doubted for ancient books of dubious authenticity, the documentary value of Kong Zi Jia yu has been ignored by most scholars.Until the end of the century, with the relevant archaeological literature unearthed,mang of which have been further confirmed,the contents of the book also received more and more academic attention. But until now, there are few conducts about language study to it, therefore, the Kong Zi Jia Yu, as the corpus for linguistic research, but also has a lot of room. This thesis selects the point of pronoun, because the semantics of pronouns and grammatical functions is complex and diverse, could reflect a grammar characteristic aspect at that time. We makes a comprehensive and systematic dynamic analysis based on static investigation full of pronouns to provide really useful linguistic evidence for dynastic language.Results of the previous studies, this thesis based on Kong Zi Jia Yu, divides them into personal pronouns, demonstrative s and interrogative pronouns three categories, in the terms of traditional pronoun classifying criteria.Among the first person pronoun, Wu appears most. The number of WO is less than WU, but its syntactic function is the most widely used, so it can still followed today and become the most prevalent first-person pronouns. As for the similarities and differences between WU and WO, this thesis stydy the plural forms, features and grammatical functions three asprects, found that the difference is mainly reflected in the syntactic function. There is no different in the other asprects. The YU and YU are significantly less than the numbers of WU and WO, they have not modest function they are neutral terms. RU(NV) and ER are the main second person pronouns. The number of ER is secondary to RU(NV) in Kong Zi Jia Yu. But its emergence of the occasion is special, mostly poems or tributes. The third person pronouns are ZHI and QI. On behalf of persons accused of the different location, there are certain differences of use between them.Among the demonstrative pronoun, CI and SHI are used most frequently in the near demonstrative pronoun. The syntactic features of CI is more balanced,.SHI emphasis on the subject and object. RAN is used for a fixed structure and the fixed structure of grammatical meaning expressed by the term after the decision rests. Among the distent demonstrative pronoun,the most important difference between BI and FU is that reference of BI stronger than FU. It can replace within the objects. The extensive demonstrative pronoun ZHI not only can refer to things but also be used to refer to people. The indefinite demonstrative pronoun include HUO and MO, both used relatively. According to the different inquiring content, the interrogative pronouns have asking person,things and places three types. HE is the most versatile and used most frequently. It can be used with adverbs, prepositions, interrogative pronouns, etc. constitute a fixed structure, such as HEDU, HEBI, HEYI, RUHE, etc. which is one of the language features of Kong Zi Jia Yu.In short, the pronouns system of Kong Zi Jia Yu was complete, has represented the grammatical meaning and function of Warring States Period, the Qin and Han Dynasty time.