Research On Pronouns In "Peach Blossom Fan"

Tao Hua Shan is a legend plays that cost Kong shangren who lived in early Qing Dynastymore than ten years. Its language is close to that of spoken language, and has higher value ofthe corpus in late Ming and early Qing Dynasty. At present, there are fewer articles and booksthat regard Tao Hua Shan as the corpus, except Cheng damin's five articles about Auxiliaryword, for instance, de(?)?de(?)?zhi(?)?zhe(?) and so on. We selected pronouns of Tao HuaShan as the research object in order to reveal the using state of pronouns in late Ming and earlyQing Dynasty, and search for the evolution and evolution rule of pronouns in morden time.Comprehensive the former's'studying, according to the traditional classification, Wedivided the pronouns of Tao Hua Shan into three categories?personal pronoun, demonstrativepronoun and the interrogative pronoun. Personal pronoun has four categories: the first personalpronoun, the second pronoun, the third personal pronoun and referred to as the pronoun. thefirst personal pronoun“I” appears306times“;we”appears104times“;wo bei(??)” appears12times;“wo deng(??)” appears3times?“an(?)” appears356times?“an men(??)”appears18times?“zan(?)” appears22times?“zan men(??)” appears9times?“zan jia(??)” appears8times?“wu(?)” appears15times?“wu bei(??)” appears2times?“wucao(??)” appears1times?“zhen(?)” appears7times“.I” and “an(?)”have the highestfrequency in the first personal pronoun.“I” has been used till today because of enoughgrammatical functions, which has become the most popular personal pronoun.“an(?)”thatcome from northern dialect has obvious regional features. About the second person pronoun?“you” appears382times?“you” appears34times?“er(?)”appears5times;“er deng(??)” appears3times?“er cao(??)” appears1times?“nin(?)” appears382times.“You”,which has the highest frequency in the second personal pronoun, is the main personalpronoun. About the third personal pronoun?“he”appears351times?“they”appears19times?“zhi(?)” appears34times?“qi(?)” appears17times?“bi(?)” appears2times.“he”occupies the main state in the third personal pronoun because of using the most times. Andreferred to as the pronoun is “da jia(??)”,which appears50times and was used subject.Demonstrative pronoun is divided into proximal demonstrative pronoun and far pronoundepends on the difference of function and significance. In this part,“this(?)” appears400times.“zhedeng(??)” appears41times?“zheyang(??)” appears30times?“zheli(??)” appears17times?“zheban(??)” appears14times?“zhexie(??)” appears8times?“zhefan(??)”appears4times?“zheban(??)”appears3times?“zhebian(??)”appears2times?“ci(?)” appears279times?“si(?)” appears2times?“ci(?)” appears1times.“this(?)”has the highest frequency. The next is“ci(?)”.In far pronoun,“that(?)”appears 145times?“those(??)” appears14times?“nashi(??)” appears10times?“nabian(??)” appears7times?“naban(??)” appears3times?“nali(??)” appears2times?“nayang(??)”appears1times?“nafan(??)”appears1times?”“bi(?)”appears2times.The discussion reveals that“this(?)”,“ci(?)”,“that(?)”are the dominant,while“bi(?)”,“si(?)”,“ci(?)” is used less, in demonstrative pronoun of Tao Hua Shan. In the Tao HuaShan's period,“this(?)”,“ci(?)”,“that(?)”have replaced “bi(?)”,“si(?)”,whichis the characteristic demonstrative pronoun in XianQin Dynasty, as the main demonstrativepronoun.The interrogative pronoun of Tao Hua Shan is divided into six kinds depend on thedifference of questioning states. The first type is the thing of the interrogative pronoun.“he(?)” appears127times.“that(?)” appears96times.“what(?????)” appears39times. The second type is the personal of the interrogative pronoun.“who(?)” appears102times. The third type is the mode and situation of the interrogative pronoun.“how (??)”appears82times.“heru (??)” appears15times.“hefang (??)” appears9times.“heyi(??)” appears3times.“ruohe (??)” appears5times.“hebu (??)” appears17times.“zen (?)” appears85times.“zenmuyang (???)” appears4times.“zenyang (??)”appears2times.“zensheng (??)”appears7times. The fourth type is the reason and purposeof the interrogative pronoun.“weihe (??)” appears70times.“zenmu (??)” appears45times.“zende (??)” appears31times.“zende (??)” appears5times. The fifth type isthe place of the interrogative pronoun.“nali(??)” appears63times. The sixth type is thenumber of the interrogative pronoun.“ji(?)” appears22times.“how many(??)” appears1times.“he (?)”,“who(?)”and “that(?)”are the main of the interrogative pronoun inTao Hua Shan because of the highest frequency. Besides, there are still most examples of “he(?)” phrase and “zen (?)” phrase.Our studying finds that the pronoun of Tao Hua Shan is similar to the pronoun in modernChinese, through classification and researching of the pronoun in Tao Hua Shan. The form ofpronoun in Tao Hua Shan is abundant. The pronoun of Tao Hua Shan has formed a completesystem. The language of Tao Hua Shan has strong characteristic of oral and the obviousregional. The pronoun system of oral Chinese in Tao Hua Shan's period had come away fromthe ancient pronoun system, and had an obvious tendency of turning into modern pronoun.