| The Shengji Zonglu, originally titled Zhenghe Shengji Zonglu, is a 200-volume encyclopedic compilation of medical prescriptions, from both officially verified sources and common practices, during and before Song dynasty (AD 960-1276). Its creation, which involved some of the best physicians of its time, was decreed by Emperor Huizong (AD 1082-1135) of Northern Song dynasty. Roughly 20000 prescriptions were included and classified according to the different ailments they treat. It is one of the earliest officially published comprehensive literature on ailments and their respective treatments in ancient China. It begins with several introductory chapters, including a general description on'Qi' circulation, a guideline to the layout and contents of the book, and general rules on conducting treatments. The other various volumes were classified according to different types of ailments, diseases and plagues and their treatments. Various departments including medicine, surgery, orthopedics, gynecology and pediatrics were included in all the 66 categories of ailments and treatments, some of them common while others may be rarely encountered. Each category was subdivided into various entries, with each entry first describing the ailments and its causes, followed by the known treatments and prescriptions. Owing to its voluminous contents, only limited copies were published and circulated during it's time and generations thereafter.This thesis is divided into two related fields of research. The first part deals with the creation of Shengji Zonglu, it's timeline, and related literatures and archives on its creation, and also its circulation. The author deduced that the compilation of Shengji Zonglu begins during the Zhenghe era (AD 1111-1118) of Northern Song dynasty, and was completed either during Chonghe era (AD 1118-1119) or Xuanhe era (AD 1119-1126). Judging from copies presently in circulation, the author deduced that the first printed copies were published during Dading era (AD 1161-1189) of Jin dynasty (AD 1115-1234), using the original Song dynasty manuscripts as the master copy. The second published edition was printed in the fourth year of Da'de era (1140), edited by Jiao Yangzhi and 12 other authors. It was published through the Jiangzhe provincial agency. This edition was renamed Da'de Chongxiao Shengji Zonglu (Shengji Zonglu Dade re-edited version), with a preface written by none other than Jiao Yangzhi himself and the inclusion of a list of authors and contributors. All versions thereafter, local and foreign, were based on this edition. Since the publication of the "Da'de edition", no other revised editions of Shengji Zonglu were published until Qing dynasties.The third edition was published in 1787, the 52nd year of Qianlong era, Qing Dynasty, lead by Wang Mingke and other authors and contributors. By this time the various circulated copies of the "Da'de edition" were already incomplete, therefore the third edition, or "Qianlong edition", was an incomplete version. For example, the pediatrics department was complemented with more recent contents penned by contemporary authors.The fourth edition was published in Japan in 1816, the 13th year of Japanese Bunka era, lead by Sugimoto Chuon from Edo Igaku-Kan (Edo Medical Academy). Sugimoto edition, Juzzen Shengji Zonglu, was based on one of the various early reprinted complete copies of the "Da'de edition", brought to Japan by Yoshida Soukei. This Edo Academy Sugimoto edition was the only complete version of Shengji Zonglu during its time. It was proofread by Sugimoto and other contemporary renowned scholars, and was therefore of great value and importance. "Sugimoto's edition" was circulated back to China during late Qing Dynasty. In 1919 Wenrui Lou Publishing House in Shanghai published Shengji Zonglu based on "Sugimoto edition". In addition, there were several invaluable handwritten copies based on the complete "Da'de edition" in mainland china and overseas. The National Central Library of Taiwan has a Yuan dynasty hand-written version in its collection, which was claimed to be a photographed version printed during late Qing dynasty. The author, however, deduced from its contents that it is not a fully genuine Yuan dynasty edition.From field studies and investigations local and overseas, the author concluded that present copies of the Chinese "Da'de edition" in various libraries and collections are all incomplete, with a maximum total of only 112 volumes, or a maximum of 91 volumes after taking away repetitive volumes. More than 50 percent, or a total of 109 volumes, are missing. on top of this, there are also missing pages and contents in some of the existing volumes.The earliest existing Chinese Shengji Zonglu that is presently in circulation is the "Da'de edition". Although it is an incomplete version, the missing volumes and contents can be complemented by the "Sugimoto edition", forming a compiled "Da'de edition". This is probably the best remedy at present. From the point of historical documentics, however, the best version would be this suggested "compiled Da'de version" edited and proofread using Yuan dynasty versions.The second part of this thesis is a brief introduction of the various ancient archives and literature cited in Shengji Zonglu.From the author's observations, there are a total of 394 citations in Shengji Zonglu cited from 49 sources and 19 persons. For example, it cited 183 times from Suwen, taking up about half of the total number of citations. Other literatures ranked according to occurrences are Jiayijing 36 times, Qianjinfang 11 times,Nanjing 10 times, Zhubingyuanhoulun 8 times, Lingshu 7 times, Jinguiyaolve 7 times, Maijing 5 times, Waitaimiyao 3 times, Shanghanlun 3 times and so on. Persons cited according to occurrences were Binaque 6 times, Zhenquan 5 times, Tuduzi 4 times, Geshi 4 times, Huatuo 3 times, Huangdi 3 times, Qibo 2 times, Ziweifuren 2 times, Taoyinju 2 times and so on. The most frequently cited literature for acupuncture department in Shengji Zonglu was Jiayijing 33 times, Suwen 6 times. For Jiayijing, the most often cited portion was from chapter 3, regarding various acupuncture points. Zhenqian said was observed 5 times, which suggest these citations were from Zhenqian Zhenjing.This thesis is only an introductory research on Shengji Zonglu. The author hopes that this can serve as a foundation for further research on this topic. |
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