The Nipple And Areola Area Of ​​nerve Distribution And Breast Intravenous Application Of Anatomical Study

Objections This combined anatomical and imaging study were to investigate the innervation of the nipple-areola, and the significance of the mammary veins, and to offer suggestions for preserving sensation and blood supple in the nipple-areola.Methods An anatomical study was performed on the innervation of 16 breasts of female eadavers with light microscope. Histological analysis were performed on 10 breasts of female following breast cancer operation. Using the histochemical maker that stains neuronal tissue, we were able to demonstrate that the innervation of the nipple-areola. Imaging study was performed on the 86 normal and 81 breast cancer patients mammary veins. We determine the diameter of normal mammary veins.Results 1.The innervation nipple-areola is consistently supplied by the anterior and the lateral cutaneous branches of the 4th intercostal nerve, with additional innervation by cutaneous branches to the 3rd and 5th intercostal nerves.2. The main nerve which sapply to nipple is the laterla cutaneous branches of 4th intercostal nerves.3. The innervation lateral of unelerneath in the nipple-areola is more dense than otherparts in nipple-areola.4. The innervation in nipple-areola is mucn rich especially in nipple and that is dense gradually in nipple.5. We measured the normal diameter of superficial mammary vein on x-ray photograph is 2.34±0.11mm and found that the diameter of superficial mammary vein in breast cancer patient's x-ray photograph is wider than that of the normal superficial mammary veins.6. We found that the superficial mammary veins are more superfical than mammary artery and the superficial mammary veins are mainly on the upper internal parts of the breast.Conclusions 1.During surgical procedures one should try to avoid damage to the anterior and laternal cutaneous branches of the 3rd, 4th and 5th intercostal nerves, with special sttention to the 4th intercostal nerve and laternal underneath of the nipple-areola which is important for sensation of the nipple-areola.2. Every surgeon operating on the breeast should have knowleding of the anatomy in the upper-internal part of the nipple-areola and the knowkeding of the clinic in the superficial mammary veins.