Qing Dynasty To The Republic Of Qinghai-commerce Market Special Study

Qinghai province is located in northwest of China, which is multiracial and many religions. Therefore, the cultural and economic characteristics of Qinghai province are different from other districts of China Yushu and Hehuang area as the typical pasture and agriculture regions in Qinghai province, so its market development and change is an representation for its business evolution. So this dissertation selects the two typical area of Qinghai province to discuss the regional trade market.Yushu area is main pastoral region in Qinghai province. There are many nomads and they are usually without fixed residence. On the contrary, temples are not only distributed widely, but also fixed. Consequently, the temples have formed the commercial centers in Yushu area. Every temple has its temple fair time, which from the first lunar month to December. The herdsmen got a great convenience from it. Because Yushu is located on remote backward areas of Qinghai province, so the level of the transactions is very low. For instance, it is just with a small number of currency in circulation.Hehuang region is in east of Qinghai province, which is situated between Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Loess Plateau. It is the main agricultural region in Qinghai Province. Owing to the dense population, developed agriculture and business, economy was prospered since ancient times. On account of the good geographical location and social environment, the business developed prosperously here. With the decline of government-run trade in the late of Ming dynasty, non-governmental trade has been developed quickly and freely. Xining, Nianbo, Datong, Dange'er have appeared some specialized markets, such as firewood market, leaders market, food market, cloth grocery market and so on.Preferential tax policies and profit maximization attracted many businessmen to trade in Qinghai. Businessmen were linked to each other, and then united which called commercial community; in some extend, in order to avoid intensive competition. Shaanxi and Shanxi commercial communities were the most powerful in Qinghai province. Xiejia arise from the northwest areas of China. In fact, they are a kind of agency. They were familiar with the local language, the local habits, and the measurement methods, so they had play an important role in daily trade. At the same time, Xiejia has made a great contribution for Qinghai's business.