Based On The Stakeholder Theory Of The Scenic Area Management System Innovation Research

According to Provisional Regulations of Scenic Spot, scenic spot refer to the place which has admire value, cultural or study value, centralize natural scenery, humanities sight, can be for sightseeing, scientific and cultural activities. Until now, state council has approved 6 sets of scenic spot, 689 places, 187 for state-level, and 480 for provincial level. According to latest statistics made by construction department in 2007, the scenic spot in china possess 110 thousands square kilometers, count to 1.13% of Chinese whole area. Scenic spot has high value for tourism and contribute crucially to the industry.However, at the progress of development, scenic spot has more problems; especially the industry focuses which are management and operating system. Under the traditional plan-oriented system, scenic spot belong to government or the subordinate institute of it. Under the market-oriented economy condition, scenic spot carry the reform on system; introduce competitive system, transfer of management right has realized; the enterprise participate in the management of scenic spot by means of lease, contract, shareholding system, franchise, cooperation, which bring vitality to scenic spot and boost its construction and development.Yet, the reform lead to more disputations on system, which are as followed: whether the management right can be transferred; how to transfer; whether the state-own nature change or not; and how to handle the relationship between government and enterprise. Also, new dispute regarding nature of resource and products appear. Under the present management model which the scenic spot are leaded by both government and enterprise, because of flaw of law and regulation, the situation that without a clear line between the functions of the government and enterprises, unbalance interest among parties lead to confusion, destruction of resource and environment, unsustainable development of the scenic spot.There are parties of interest-relative, they all have requirement on interest. The fundamental reasons of the problem mentioned above are confusion of responsibility, right, benefit; unreasonable institution, imperfect system of interest coordination. Therefore, it is very necessary to make the research of system creation, which based on the theory of interest relative party, by borrowing ideas from foreign management system of national park. According to the theory of interest relative party, the author take government, superior department of resource, management institution, enterprise, tourist, community resident, tourism facilitating agency as the major interest parties. They play different role, and also have different requirement to benefit. According to theory of Gambling, the parties are gaming on behalf of their own interest at the progress of building the system.The author analysis major parties'benefits , their gambling matrix, and Chinese present business model (government, half government, Institution and mixed type) comparatively. Then constructs a new system pattern——"the system management pattern"founded system theory, which namely a pattern the longitudinal management unified the lateral coordination. On longitudinal, establishes the Country Scenic spot Administrative bureau and local scenic spot administrative bureau which take line management, and locates the execution main body in province and city government which above the county level; On crosswise, explicate the core parties'responsibility and power like scenic spot area Management committee, superior department of resource, department of profession and enterprise, establishes an effective benefit coordinated mechanism. Thus, forms a comprehensive, effective management system.Finally, to safeguard the above new pattern movement effectively, the article gave a series of operational measure, including perfecting laws and regulations system, explicating responsibility and power, establishing science organization, constructing supervising mechanism comprehensively, enhancing resources and environment consciousness, setting up sustained development idea and so on.