Qinling Mountains And Parts Of The Country Warts Locust Biogeography

Trilophidia annulata (Thunberg) is a widespread grasshopper in Asia, which distributes from the tropical maritime climate of Singapore to China's temperate continental monsoon climate of Heilongjiang, east from Japan, west to Pakistan and India. In its long history of evolution, whether different geographic populations had been differentiated by the geographical isolation, the genetic differentiation and its formation among the different populations has not been studied. Qinling Mountains, which traverses in central of China, is the boundary of the north and the south on the geographical location, the watershed of the Yellow River and the Changjiang River water system, intersectant converge and transitional area between the North China and the South China region. Its fauna has characteristics of genesis antiquity, transition between North and South, carrying on east and west, infiltrating one another and interleaving superposition effection. The use of DNA molecular markers in Phylogeography, provides a strong basis for the study of population genetic structure, distribution pattern and its evolutionary history. The rapid developments of the PCR-based DNA sequence analysis technology provides us a lot of more valuable genetic informations, reduces the cost of the experiment greatly and expands the scope of the application of this technology. Numerical taxonomy clarifies the relationship between living materials and their habitat geographical environment through the cluster analysis of the morphology data and quantitative analysis of biological groups in the geographical distribution of the situation, to find the regularity of biological groups in geographical distribution. This paper will combine mitochondrial DNA sequence data with morphological characteristics to do a study for T. annulata in Qinling Mountains and other areas in china. At first, to compare the applicability in the research of T. annulata geographical populations of the selected mitochondrial DNA. The second, to explore the relationship between the different geographic populations and its differentiation history, to speculate on the effect of the change of geological environment in population distribution. The third, Qinling Mountains is the boundary of the Oriental realm and the Palaearctic eralm, whether T. annulata in the north and south of Qinling Mountains divide into two populations, will have certain enlightenment to the role of researching the animals differentiation in Qinling Mountains. The fourth, this article compares molecule research to morphological research to speculate their Consistency, which could provide some information to the future research in this area. Finally, in this article through the cluster analysis of morphological characteristic date of male and female T. annulata, we determined the consistency of their differentiation and tried to speculate the similarities or differences on their natural selection pressure. This study did the sequencing of the complete COII gene and partial 16SrRNA gene for the T. annulata populations in the Qinling Mountains and other regions in China, and used maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to establish of the phylogenetic tree for these 12 populations by the COII gene sequence data. At the same time, after standardizing the 13 characteristic data from these 18 populations in the Qinling Mountains and other regions in China (including the sequencing of the 12 populations) by SPSS 15.0, we did the cluster analysis by Squared Euclidean distance and word's method.By analyzing the DNA sequence data and morphological date, gave the following conclusions: 1, the evolutional speed of COII gene was higher than 16SrRNA gene, COII gene could be used in T. annulata geographic populations study, but the information provided is limited. If combined with other fast evolutional gene, the result would be more credible;2, By the phylogenetic tree ,the 12 populations was divided into 3 regions: the southern china region(Yunnan). the central and western region including Qinling Mountains, Henan and Xinjiang, Northeast region including Qianshan and Haerbin. In addition, the Northeast region was closer to the central and western region; 3, Molecular and morphological data analysis results supported the Qinling Mountains as the barrier of north-south T. annulata populations, however, these populations in Qinling region was not simply divided into North and South, they staggered each other, particularly in the eastern section of the Qinling Mountains, where the isolation barrier weakened; 4, the results of the molecular and morphological date were consistent in the population differentiation of large-scale. But there are differences on details, the morphological characteristics were impacted by the climate and environment is notable; 5, male T. annulata clustering results of individual morphological characteristics data differed greatly from the results of female T. annulata. The regularity of female T. annulata clustering results was much strong. we speculated that the natural selection pressure of female T. annulata was greater than male T. annulata, which resulted that the individual differentiation degree of T. annulata in different regions was higher than male T. annulata.