Biogeography Of Apidae In Qinling Mountain

Apidae is an important group of Hymenoptera, and is closely correlated with the humanity. The insect has huge economic value, which is called resource insect. Qinling Mountain is situated at the north edge of subtropical region, and its main part crosses south of Shaanxi. According to the animal fauna, Qinling is the dividing line of the Oriental region and the Palaearctic region, with its abundant animal and plant resources. The honey plants are rich here, which suggests plentiful resources of honeybee, while the related research is less. The study on Apidae, especially the investigation on distribution of the Apis cerana cerana, is advantageous in its resource using and protecting. Characteristics of animal fauna and distribution in Shaanxi Qinling Mountain were studied in this article, and also molecular biology methods such as mtDNA and microsatellite DNA marker were used to discuss the distribution and the evolution relations as well as the heredity structure of various Apis cerana cerana groups. And then the biogeography were analysised.The following conclusion can be drawn from the resources investigation and test results:1) There are rich honeybee resources in the Shaanxi Qinling area, and nearly 10 genus 40 species are found. In this area, species of Bumbus which is broadly distributed, are the most in variety. Species of Oriental Fauna are the most numerous, including many Oriental- Palaearctic species. The fauna of this area marks a closest relation with north China and southwest China. Apis cerana cerana is the native honeybee, certain population exists in this local. And also Apis mellifera is widely distributed here, though is introduced.2) The results of Dra I test of tRNAleu-COII fragments indicated that the Apis cerana cerana of Shaanxi Qinling and several provincial area around attributed the same haplotype, and was consistent with Mindanao and Palawan population.3) The tRNAleu-COII fragments showed a high A+T content, especially the intergenic region. As had been previously reported for the mtDNA of Apis mellifera and this tRNAleu-COII fragments of Apis cerana cerana.4) The 5' and 3' ends of the intergenic region can base pair completely, which is...