Analysis On Ecological Environment Change Based On Gis And Rs In Karamay City

Karamay is a typical desert environment city developed by oil exploitation and production. At the early stage of urban development, ecological environment impacts were often overlooked in the face of city economy development. But when it comes to a certain stage of urban development, after government and public attention has been paid after the environment, people will take various measures for restoration and protection. Research purpose is the revelation on the changes of indicator elements on elcoloical field during the industrialization of Karamay. By using GIS data analytical platform, satellite information such as years of Landsat satellite images, MODIS derived products was examined. The desertification situation of Karamay is analyzed by using the desertification index as an indicator. The plantation and water fluctuation in Karamay region since the 1970s is analyzed by using the coverage of plantation and water as indicator. Combining the social economical development data and the long sequential changes of climatic factors, a preliminary analysis of the reasons responsible for the changes of ecological indicators in Karamay is deduced as the following conclusions:(1)Two thirds of the land in Karamay region are moderate to severe decertification, among which are 42% is severe desiccated land.(2)From 1975 to 1989, 98% of Karamay region plantation coverage worsened; and 58.3% plantation coverage became better from 1989 to 2000; And from 2000 to 2009, 97.6% of the area plantation coverage progressed better, and coverage of fourth grade dense plantation increased by 620.48km2.(3)In the period of 1975 to 1989, the water volume decreased by 25.23 km2; From 1989 to 2000, it increased by 36.05 km2; A significantly increase of 58.63 km2 was witnessed during 2000 to 2009. Alice Lake was recovered and gets more than before.(4)After 2000, Karamay land was mainly bare land and farm land. From 2000 to 2009, the proportion of bare ground decreased by 5.92% while that of farmland increased by 5.38%.(5)Karamay oil industry as the pillar of the economy when agriculture and animal husbandry contribute a small proportion to GDP. Two stages were fromed in Karamay city development. One: from 1956 to 1978, oil production developed further than living support, resulted a slow urbanization. Two: from 1978 to 1992, while environmental protection and restoration were focused during the urbanization, in particular, the construction of a large agricultural area largely improved the ecological environment.(6)Temperatures of Karamay experienced a roughly linear increase in growth rate of 0.3℃/ 10a in the past 50 years. The biggest increase occurred in 1980s which is 0.5℃higher than 1970s. Annual precipitation increased at a rate of 0.9mm/10a. Rapid increase in 1980s was higher to 1970 by 22.4mm. Gale days showed a decreasing trend at rate of 0.7 times / 10a when 1980s is 101 times less than that in 1970s.(7)Urbanization, population increase and pressures on resources exploitation brought damages to ecological environment, especially in fragile desert environment. However, the increase of precipitation, water transportation from the north to south as well as the awareness of ecological and environmental protection are the main reasons for the better development of the ecological environment in Karamay in recent years.