Research On Implementing Universal Coverage Of Healthcare Insurance Mode In Chiha

"Difficulty and high cost of getting medical service" is the problem of widespread in China. Experience from home and aboard, to solve this problem, the establishment and improvement of universal coverage of healthcare insurance system covering urban and rural residents is the only viable way. The so-called universal coverage of healthcare insurance refers to all citizens in accordance with the payment of income, according to the diseases need for treatment. There are two universal coverage of healthcare insurance mode. One is tax-based system represented by the United Kingdom. Another is social health insurance-based system represented by Germany's.China's present medical insurance system mainly consists of four parts including basic medical insurance of employees, government medical care, basic medical insurance of residents and new rural cooperative medical scheme. Medical financial assistance of government budget and commercial insurance of personal choice for the medical insurance system added. In the terms of the current situation, the main problem existing in China's medical insurance system are the low level of coordination, higher proportion of individual out-of-pocket payment, Medicare gap, and so on. In recent years, Chinese government has promulgated a series of policies and laws. But there are few effects. Medical insurance system has become not only one of the important topics cared by the society, but also a problem. This paper attempts to study the mode of universal coverage of healthcare insurance in China, base on the methods such as economics, welfare economics, health economics, insurance, public economics, game theory, statistics, public management, ethics and development economics and so on.Under the influence of pan market oriented thought in previous years, the government and scholars seldom emphasize on Medicare. Over the past 10 years, the concern on the medical insurance was on the rise. But, as for fear of medical costs, and the government promoting economic growth through investment in fixed assets path to rely on. The government establishes a medical insurance policy and scholars study on the medical insurance policy base on spending less money. Nevertheless, that the fairness embodied by the universal coverage of healthcare insurance is neglected, and that is one of the fundamental responsibilities is not clearly seen by the government. The mainstream views of the scholars and politicians in China is that the construction of China's medical insurance system can be divided into three phases, as the regional disparities of China's economic development and the large number of informal employments. The first stage is to establish different level health care system, to gradually narrow the gap in the second stage, and the third stage is to gradually establish a nationwide medical insurance system for urban and rural integration. But this way of thinking has two fatal mistakes. First, the medical insurance regarded as a"commercial insurance ", which means the rich pay more money and receive more treatment, while the poor pay less and receive less. This makes medical care depends on the personal income and thus violates the basic precondition of the medical insurance. The second mistake is about the causation. It is thought that because of the gap between the rich and the poor, we should adopt a multi - level medical insurance, and with the decrease of the gap, we can use the nationwide medical insurance of urban and rural areas integrated. Actually, if this multi - level medical insurance system continue, the poor less protection means pays more. Then they have less money to improve their condition through investment, while the rich on the contrary. Such inequality of medical care system will only keep widening the regional disparity, the gap between urban and rural areas and the gap between the rich and the poor. Moreover, China has a clear tendency of intergenerational transfer. If we do not change the present views, we will find that our medical insurance system can only stay forever in the first stage.This article expounds that medical market failure is inevitable and demonstrates the necessity of universal coverage of healthcare medical insurance through the research on the information asymmetry between the supply and the demand in market and the monopoly characteristics of medical market. It demonstrates the rationality of medical insurance through the study on risk and uncertainty theory, and demonstrates the rationality of universal coverage of healthcare insurance through research on"adverse selection" and "cream skimming" in commercial insurance. It also demonstrates the scientific nature of universal coverage of healthcare insurance through research on marginal utility theory.Through the study of foreign health care system, the paper suggests that China should implement social health insurance model. According to China's actual conditions, this system is different from that in Germany's social health insurance. It is a social health insurance system of mixed characteristics. The social health insurance will be the major source of health funding, and general tax revenue be the important source, and private out-of-pocket payments be a supplementary.This article will divide the whole people into three categories. That is employees who have income in secondary and tertiary industries, non-employees who have fixed income, and practitioners who work in primary industrial and person without income. According to the income of the three types of personnel, we work out fund - raising standards of medical insurance. Meanwhile, we design the payment scheme based on 20% of coinsurance rate. Pay-as-you-go system was used to manage the fund of medical insurance. Through a balanced budget and sustainable research, it is argued that in China it will be reasonable and feasible to implement universal coverage of healthcare insurance.