Research Of Cultivated Land Conversion And Protection Of Cultivated Land In Chongqing

The cultivated land is very precious natural resources. It is the essence of the land resources. It is the important guarantee and the strong support of national food safety. The develop degree of a nation or a district, the stability of the society and the sustainability of the ecology are all to a large extent under the influence of the cultivated land. At present, the speedy development of the rural urbanization and industrialization is the main characteristic of our country social. We will inevitably face the cultivated land conversion. The directly result of the cultivated land conversion is the significant decrease of the cultivated land, then it will threat the safety of the ecology, have a bad effect on the grain safety and the settlement of the farmer who have lost their land etc... Aim at solving this problem, the national government has continuously formulated series policies of protecting the cultivated land, requesting the whole country must strictly protect the amount and quality of the cultivated land, and determinedly guard farmland to be no less than 1,800,000,000 acres, which is the dead line. This text studies the cultivated land conversion, aiming at protecting the cultivated land, and keeping its sustainability.Since becoming the municipality, the economy of Chongqing have receive an quick development. During the industrialization and urbanization, how effectively prevent the over cultivated land conversion has become a problem to be solved immediately. Under the instruction of protecting the cultivated land theories, this article studies the cultivated land conversion in Chongqing in a combine the quantitative analysis with qualitative analysis way. The article is divided into eight parts:In the first part, we concluded the related research circumstance of China and foreign countries based on the introduction of the choosing background, purpose and meaning. Finally we introduced the research contents, method and technique route.In the second part we introduced the content of the cultivated land conversion, substance and path and related theories on the cultivated land conversion and farmland protection. Among which, the meaning of unagriculturalization for cultivated land includes①the conversion of cultivation for land usage into uncultivation use;②the conversion aims for the maximum interest of land use;③the unagriculturalization for cultivated land is the result of the interactions between economic development, population growth, urbanization, infrastructure construction and the local governments as well as there local farmers;④the unagriculturalization is irreversible. Its essence was the consequence of the competitive collocation of land use. The major approach to unagriculturalization was the occupation by state and group constructions and rural residents. The foundation for theories of the unagricultralization and cultivated land protection consist of land rarity theory, theory of sustainable development for farmland, effective usage theory of values, theory of coordination between men and land and the Law theory etc.Part three introduced the general situation of nature social economy of Chongqing city.Part four analyzed the time and space variety characteristic of the farmland non- agriculture turn and Chongqing city's present condition of farmland resources. Research shows that cultivated land in Chongqing regarding total and average per person quantity has been on a downward trend. Its farmland is of bad quality, the acreage of ramping land is relatively great, and the water and soil erosion has been serious; Acreage and rate under unagriculturalization cultivated land present an alike trend on an annual basis, which takes on two phases-rapidly increasing and mildly declining; District, Wan Zhou District and Nan An District are the places that possess the largest acerage of unagriculturally cultivated land, the rate of which can be categorized into, according to space, three types of unagricultural districts whose degrees are shape, rapid and mild.Part five made a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the driving factor of the area farmland non-agriculture turn by applying "combustion theories" and the method of analyzing main composition respectively. It also shows that the factor of economic development is the burning material of unagriculturalization of cultivated land, the factor of population, urbanization level and agricultural tech is its kindling point, the factor of politics is its catalyzer, while its driving force contains momentum of economic development and agricultural intensity, population growth and urbanization.Part six built the model to measure the area of Chongqing city's future (2020) farmland non-agriculture converting. The forecasted results show that the allowable area of farmland non-agriculture converting in Chongqing is 6.55×10~4hm~2.Part seven put forward measures of protecting farmland. Firstly, we suggested setting up joint liability mechanism of protecting farmland in Chongqing and perfecting system of goal evaluation. Secondly, we suggested evaluating farmland scientifically and establishing special fund for farmland protection. Thirdly, we suggested optimizing levels of farmland use technology and improving land productivity. Fourthly, we suggested paying attention to the differences between regional nature and social economy and protecting farmland in the light of local conditions.Part eight drew a conclusion and made a prospect for the later studies.