| At present, material civilization of human beings has entered into a developing era at fastest speed, when ecological environment and natural resources on earth have been destroyed to the extreme extent. Traditional economic developing mode taking"massive production, consumption and rejection"as the feature resulted in short supply of resource, intensification of environmental pollution and damage on ecology, which have severely restricted sustainable development of economic society. Changing old economy developing mode has become imperative. Thought germination of recycling economy started in the 1960s. By 1990s, countries around the world all had realized importance of sustainable development and provided the developing mode of recycling economy.Cities are important engines for economic growth and social development. But with acceleration of global urbanization process, increase of urban population at excessive speed and high-level concentration, a series of negative effects on urban development have been resulted in. Under this background, sustainable development of cities has become a new trend of urban development. Urban recycling economy is a result of ecological value orientation by human beings and an inevitable trend of urban development in the future.Establishing effective urban recycling economy evaluation system, evaluating and monitoring construction and development of urban recycling economy could let us draw lessons in time, find out deficiencies, analyze reason for falling behind and promote level increase of urban recycling economy and further decrease environmental pollution. Meanwhile, construct corresponding environment policies and relevant law system to guarantee urban recycling economic development to provide support for development of urban recycling economy. Environmental policy system which is indeed effective is an important driving force and essential security for development of urban recycling economy.Contents of this article mainly include the following four parts:The first part: basic theory, hierarchy system and realization hierarchy of recycling economic system. Necessity for development of recycling economy has been provided by listing a series of environmental problems encountered during development of human beings. By comprehensive research on development of recycling economy at home and abroad and overview on concept development of recycling economy, this article has probed into concept and connotation of recycling economy. Recycling economy is a kind of economy developing mode taking material recycling mode in natural ecological system as the feature, which fully utilizes scientific and technical payoffs to make waste formed in the last link become raw materials of the next link and thus forms a long recycling chain to achieve zero emission of pollutants and harmony between human beings and nature, economy, resources. It has analyzed developing hierarchy of recycling economy, that is: small recycling based on firms, middle recycling based on zones and cities and large recycling based on society. It has summed up common realization hierarchy of recycling economy, that is: 3R principles (Reduce, Reuse and Recycle).The second part: analysis on urban recycling economy system. First, it has analyzed relationship between recycling economy and city development. Basic goal of recycling economy on environment is to increase comprehensive development and recovery & reused rate of resources and resolve environmental problem during city development. Recycling economy could enter into each link of production, consumption and recovery and deepen adjustment of urban industrial structure effectively. Recycling economy has changed traditional extensive developing mode radically, which has caused consumption of resource and energy relative less, decreased production cost and increased urban competitive strength.Second, concept of urban recycling economy system has been summarized by drawing into concept of city. Urban recycling economy system is an open system to achieve ecologization of activities as production and living during imitating operating mode and discipline of natural ecological system inside the city by interaction of internal subsystems as labor power, resources, economy, technology, management and environment and external environment. It regards realization of harmonious development of economy, environment and social benefit as the goal and relationship between human beings and nature as standard. It does not require optimization of each system at the same time, but requires integrate optimization among those having certain matching relationship under some constraint condition. Third, it has analyzed characteristics of recycling economy: compatibility, integrity, locality, continuity and effectiveness.Finally, it has analyzed structure, functions and sustainable development of recycling economy system. In urban recycling economy system, the three aspects as environment, economy and society interact with each other to form mutually beneficial recycling economy net with establishment of high effective development between economy and environment, well-organized development between society and environment and fair development between economy and society. Functions in urban recycling economy system are mainly material recycling and energy flowing. Sustainable development of recycling economy refers to that all systems in the city could maintain their normal and sustainable growth taking harmonious development among economy, environment and society as the premise.The third part: establish evaluation index system of urban recycling economy system. First, it has listed principles to establish this index system: scientific principle, systematic principle, integrate principle, independent principle, feasible and comparative principle, dynamic principle, 3R principle and policy-relevant principle.Second: when design evaluation index system of urban recycling economy system, several points should be followed as bases: save resources, emphasize production of reduction; improve ecological environment, increase living quality of residents; implement resources reuse and recycle; guarantee social economy development. Finally, based on the above, it has designed evaluation index system of urban recycling economy system. This index system is divided into three hierarchies: four subsystems (resource system, environment system, economy system and society system), nine primary indexes and 32 secondary indexes.In resource system, three primary indexes have been set: reduction index, recycling index and development index. There are nine secondary indexes in all: ten thousand yuan GDP energy consumption decrease rate, ten thousand yuan GDP water consumption decrease rate, central heating widespread rate in urban district, urban sewage treatment and recycling rate, industrial waste gas recycling rate, utilizing rate of resources got from household waste, degraded land recovery rate and renewable energy source consumption share.In environment system, two primary indexes have been set: pollutants emission index and environmental quality index. There are eight secondary indexes in all: waster water drainage amount of ten thousand yuan industrial output value, waste gas emission amount of ten thousand yuan industrial output valve, solid waste discharging amount of ten thousand yuan industrial output value, target hitting drainage rate of industrial waste water, pollution index of urban air, coverage rate of urban noise in target hitting areas, innocent treatment rate of household waste and public green area per capita.In economy system, two primary indexes have been set: economic structure index and economic benefit index. There are six secondary indexes in all: reduction rate of output value ratio of resource-intensive industry, increase rate of output value of high-and-new technology industry, degree of industrial structure level, GDP increase rate per capita, green GDP increase rate and return rate on investment of the thousand yuan.In society system, two primary indexes have been set: social development index and science and technology advancement index. There are eight secondary indexes in all: disposable income increase rate per capita, unemployment rate, social security coverage rate, Engel Coefficient of urban resident family, GDP ratio occupied by scientific and technological expense, attrition rate of toxic and harmful products, attrition rate of toxic and harmful raw materials and attrition rate of laggard technology equipment.The fourth part: study environmental policies to promote development of urban recycling economy system. Basic controlling idea of urban recycling economy system is the idea of recycling economy. Therefore, a series of effective environmental policies are necessary. Correct environmental policies could bind development of each subsystem inside urban recycling economy system, clearly show their developing direction and make the entire step into the right path.[1] Accelerate environmental protection policies and laws to promote development of urban recycling economy. Environmental protection laws and regulations should take reduction, reuse and recycle as direction. Environmental protection law should be made powerful security for establishment of urban recycling economy system.[2] Strengthen government initiation and market drive. Strengthening government initiation refers to that the government is responsible to do demonstration promotion and experimental production well. By experimental unit, we've new recycling economy developing mode to improve presently existing comprehensive urban recycling economy system; strengthen subsystem resource environment management in urban recycling economy and promote formation of ecological chain actively.[3] Adopt a series of green system supports to change economy increase mode radically. Green systems include establishing urban green investment system, green industrial structure system, green technology support system and promoting green consumption.[4] Strengthen publicity and education to guide participation of the public. Government competent department should strengthen its leading and vigorously launch propaganda of recycling economy by various media and methods. Public participation is required during evaluation of environmental influence by large project, by which consciousness on environmental problem by the public has been increased. |
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