Study On The Ecosystem Services Value In The Southern Mountain Region Of Jinan

Like producing food, medicine and production materials of industry and agriculture, ecosystem has the direct value, it also has the more important functional value, such as soil retention, water conservation, adjusting the climate, fixing carbon, and releasing O2 , maintaining biodiversity, purifying the environment, etc. However, in the process of resource utilization and transformation, human beings often attache more importance to the direct value of natural resources, and ignore the ecosystem services value. In fact, the ecosystem services function has potential economic value. Ecosystem services function is an important component in the life supporting system of the earth and a basic element for the society and environment sustainable development, to a great extent, whether a district can develop sustainable depends on the understanding of the ecosystem services function. The valuation of ecosystem services could measure the environmental improvement and provide basis for making ecological policy. So, the southern mountain region of Jinan which is the district of groundwater supplying for Jinan has been selected as reseach district and the ecosystem services value in the region has been studied. The main contents followed:(1)Based on building the classification system of land use, using RS and GIS technology, the remote sensing images in 1995, 2000, 2004 have been interpreted, the land type maps of the research district have been obtained and the land use databases have been builded. On this basis, the dynamical changes of the land use have been analyzed from 1995 to 2004. The result expressed: from 1995 to 2004, the change characteristics of land use were that cultivated land and woodland continually decreased, garden plot and river area continually increased, resident area, industrial estate, barren land and grassland fluctuated slightly. The change characteristics and processes of the land use also have been analyzed.(2)Based on the land use, using the methods of matter quantity and value quantity, the ecosystem services value of six major kinds of ecosystem functions about the woodland, grassland, garden plot and cultivated land in the southern mountain region of Jinan in 1995, 2000, 2004 has been calculated and the features of their spatial-temporal dynamic changes have been analyzed. The six categories of ecosystem functions were net primary productivity, soil retention, water conservation, fixing carbon, releasing O2 and purifying enviroment. Besides, the amount change and structure change of the total ecosystem services value have been analyzed in the reseach district. The conclusions followed:①In the same period, because different ecosystem has different structure, process and function, the unit area ecosystem services value of different kind of ecosystem was different, it could be shown in such order: woodland > grass land > garden plot > cultivated land. Since the structure of land use in the reseach district was that cultivated land > woodland > grassland > garden plot (grassland > woodland in 2004), the construction rate of ecosystem services value could be shown: cultivated land > woodland > grassland > garden plot.②For every kind of ecosystem, different type of service function has different ecosystem service value, and it could be shown in this order: the value of soil retention > the value of water conservation > the value of releasing O2 > the value of fixing carbon > the value of purifying environment > the value of net primary productivity.③From 1995 to 2004, the ecosystem services value was on sustainable decreasing trend in the reseach district. The ecosystem services values were 2453.40 million in 1995, 2175.25 million in 2000, and 2159.99 million in 2004. The ecosystem services value lost 293.40 million from 1995 to 2000.(3)The spatial distribution of ecosystem services value has been discussed with taking township as the basic unit. The conclusions followed:①The ecosystem services value in every township was related to its areas, that is, the larger the area, the higher ecosystem services value.②The ecosystem services value of unit land area in every township was on the rise from the north to the south, this spatial distribution regulation was related to the terrain, rains, the vegetation degree of coverage and the structure of land use.(4)Based on the analyzing the influence of the natural and human factors to the change of land use, according to the spatial difference such as the terrain, population, economy, human activities, the whole research district has been divided into the northern suburban district, the middle area, the southern far suburb district. The ecosystem services value of each divided district has been calculated. The result expressed: the ecosystem was more unstable in the district of human activity stronger, the ecosystem services value changed greater significantly and appeared the trend of ups and downs.(5)The dependence of ecosystem services value on the coefficient of ecosystem services value has been judged using the CS. The result showed: the CS of the ecosystem services value coefficient was less than 1 in different period, which just noted that the coefficient of ecosystem services value calculated in the paper was proper.(6)The changes of the land use and ecosystem services value have been predicted in the research district from 2010 to 2050 with the model of Markov. The results were that with the interference from 1995 to 2000, the ecosystem services value of the cultivated land, woodland, grassland and garden plot will decrease; the ecosystem services value of cultivated land and garden plot will increase, and the ecosystem services value of grassland and woodland will decrease with the interference from 2000 to 2004; the ecosystem services value of garden plot will increase and the ecosystem services value of woodland, cultivated land and grassland will decrease with the interference from 1995 to 2004.