| According to the project "Jilin Province Water Conservancy Science Inst 1:50000 hydrographic Atlas Compilation" to rely on, for special study by Tonghua, Baishan City groundwater resources and sustainable development.Tonghua and Baishan City are located in the northeast of China, in the southeast of Jilin province. The Changbai Mountain area is across the two cities. The bedrock mountain area is large, and the situation is complicated. The climate in the region is distinct, and the temporal and spatial distribution of precipitation and runoff in the area is uneven, the 70%-80% precipitation in the flood season is 6-9 months, and there is little precipitation in winter, which causes seasonal water shortage. And with two city economic and social development and industrialization, accelerated the pace of urbanization, and regional, seasonal, resources and lack of water and many other factors, the demand for water will with the leaping development of the economy and rapid growth. Therefore, to evaluate groundwater resources, analysis of the current situation of the development and utilization of groundwater, the groundwater resources sustainable development and utilization countermeasures is very necessary.Tonghua Baishan area of groundwater types mainly has four kinds: Quaternary loose heap laminated pore water, clastic rock pore and fissure water, carbonate rock karst fissure water, basalt fissure and pore water. The main recharge sources of groundwater in the area precipitation. After transient groundwater runoff, in the piedmont zone in the form of spring transformation for surface water discharge.The assessment of groundwater resources for the entire city of Tonghua and Baishan City, the area of 32952 km2. According to the situation of the study area, the calculation of groundwater resources in the study area was divided. In the study area to the Songhua River and the Liaohe River the two level basin. According to the water distribution characteristics and the lithology is divided for two calculation area(the Songhua River area, Liaohe area), four subregions, 17 calculation, so as to water resources calculation of basic partition. Precipitation data were selected from the 1956-2011 data, and the average infiltration recharge rate was obtained. On a water balance method, to calculate the precipitation infiltration recharge 37.10×108m3. Study area irrigation leakage recharge to 0.60×108m3, total recharge for 37.70×108m3; due to the hills District, base flow cutting method is used to calculate the excretion, calculated base flow for 37.20×108m3, artificial exploitation were 0.49×108m3, lateral runoff 69.2×104m3, total discharge amount of 37.70×108m3 remained equilibrium state. The mining coefficient method was used to calculate the amount of groundwater resources, and the results were calculated as 18.38×108m3.Analysis of groundwater chemical characteristics in the study area. Anions in groundwater types to bicarbonate type, cation type topography(leaching), lithology(chemical composition) control, groundwater TDS low, generally less than 0.3g/L, p H value between 6.5-8.0, neutral, total hardness is low, water chemistry type to calcium sodium bicarbonate type(HCO3- Na) water and bicarbonate of calcium type(HCO3- mg) water. The evaluation of groundwater quality in Baishan region of Tonghua comprehensive evaluation of groundwater quality method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The water quality monitoring wells in Tonghua region was evaluated by the groundwater environmental quality evaluation results show that, the groundwater quality is worse, to class III, IV or V water mostly. The main excessive ions have ammonia nitrogen(4NH(10)), nitrate nitrogen(3NO-), nitrite nitrogen(2NO-), iron(3Fe(10)), manganese ion(2Mn(10)), etc.. "Three nitrogen" excessive, more concentrated in low-lying areas, concentration of residential areas, in agricultural production, fertilizer and pesticides are used in a wide range of pollution. Iron and manganese pollution, in addition to being mostly concentrated in the town, industrial pollution near the industrial and mining areas, but also by the impact of hydro geological conditions and enrichment of the first environmental pollution.The present situation of groundwater exploitation and utilization evaluation, analysis of the potential of exploitation, according to the amount of groundwater resources and groundwater resources exploitation quantity and the present situation of the artificial exploited and the groundwater rational development utilization, and put forward suggestions. On the future life with water, industrial water demand, agriculture water demand forecasting, and carries on the forecast to the future precipitation, the precipitation data of selected 1952-2011 annual rainfall observation data, using P-III type curve of frequency analysis, concluded that the rate for the probability of P=25%,P=50%,P=75%,P=95% of the precipitation assurance rate of precipitation. According to the future water demand and future rainfall, for the future development and utilization of groundwater to propose new solutions.By utilizing the evaluation results of the groundwater quality evaluation and assessment of water quality and development proposed for the advice to protect groundwater resources, the rational exploitation of groundwater, strengthening the protection of the ecological environment, strengthen supervision of water pollution, strengthen the publicity of water law. |
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