| Currently, the change of landscape pattern becomes a hot research aspect in landscape ecology. Unreasonable landscape pattern can cause soil degradation, soil erosion, biodiversity reduction, deteriorative species extinction and other ecological disasters, which will directly affect the ecological environment and economic and social development in the region. Investigating the change process and driving factors of a certain regional landscape and proposing measures to promote the development of landscape pattern contributes a lot to the promotion of regional environmental protection and sustainable economic and social development.Heilongtan Scenic Spot, Sichuan Province, was selected as our research object in this article, using RS and GIS technology, based on the three basic remote sensing images, the Landsat TM in 1990, Landsat ETM+ in 2002 and Landsat TM in 2009, and we interpreted the three types of landscape distribution of Heilongtan Scenic Spot with the remote sensing image analysis software, ENVI4.8 In accordance with the technical standards of forest resources survey, after references searching, in-room data processing and validation field verifying, we divided Heilongtan Scenic Spot into six kinds of landscape types, tree forest, bamboo forest, unused land, arable land, waters, construction sites. After computing various types of landscape indices with the landscape pattern analysis software, FRAGSTATS4.0, we analyzed the regional landscape pattern and dynamic characteristics in recent 20 years. Synthesizing local statistical yearbook data, we comprehensively analyzed the driving factors of landscape pattern change of Heilongtan Scenic Spot, aiming at providing basic data and reference for the environmental protection and social and economic development of ecological tourism in this region. The main results are as follows:(1) There was little change on a large scale for the land use types from 1990 to 2009 in Heilongtan Scenic Spot and Arable land was the main type of land in this study area. High-forest and construction land area showed a growing trend, with the growth rate of 296.87hm2 and 28.06hm2 respectively, which related to the economic development, the policy’s formulation in Heilongtan Scenic Spot.(2) Two terrain factors, the elevation and slope, was selected as grade process and studied the distribution characteristics of each landscape type using ArcGIS10.0 spatial analysis module. The results showed that:from the aspect of altitude, each landscape type was mainly distributed in the first gradient (440～550m); from the factor of slope, high-forest landscape mainly distributed third gradient (5～10°), the other types were mainly distributed in the first gradient (0～5°).(3) After dynamically analyzing various types of landscape indices on a landscape level, results showed that:Heilongtan Scenic Spot landscape presented the phenomenon of low diversity and high evenness, which meat that the degree of landscape fragmentation was high. In the landscape level, the increase of the number and density of patches and the decrease of the average size of plaque reflected that the landscape fragmentation began to be more serious in Heilongtan Scenic Spot. Frequent human activities, increase of urban area indicated that human disturbance and urbanization progress accelerated in Heilongtan Scenic Spot.(4) The analysis of driving force of the dynamic landscape pattern changes showed that:such human factors as the increase of population density, the implementation of local policies and the quickening economic development in recent two decades have become the decisive factor for the landscape pattern changes Heilongtan Scenic Spot. Natural factors contribute little to it.(5) In order to meet the requirements of protection, utilization and management of Heilongtan Scenic Spot, and promote sustainable development of environment, society, economy of Heilongtan Scenic Spot, scenic landscape pattern should be optimized, which means that the measures such as the protection of arable land, strict control of the city construction land; possible pressure remission of population growth on farmland; further increase of forest cover, good protection of existing woodlands. |
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