On Changes On Landscape Pattern From Road Network Of Remote Sensing

In the wake of the continuous road construction, the road network has become the hub of social and economic development and it takes an inimitable advantage over all other construction projects owing to its wide distribution range and fast speed of development. The road rapid development brings about social wealth, facilitates people’s lives and meanwhile exerts influence on the distribution pattern of all kinds of landscape on both sides as well as changes in surrounding land use and has a direct or indirect impact on ecological processes, such as environmental pollution, landscape fragmentation, habitat degradation, loss of biodiversity and so on. In recent years, rapid development of economy and tourism resources here has accelerated the pace of construction of roads mostly due to special topography in Hangjin banner while there is less study on changes on the landscape patterns from different ecological zones and different levels. At the same time, the development of remote sensing technology improves the timeliness to get road information and improve accuracy of access to data. Therefore, research on changes on landscape pattern from road network of remote sensing is conductive to providing valid data on the rational use of land, road protection and ecological, economic and cultural factors from landscape integration and is able to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for human social and economic development.This paper extracts from road map and landscape type maps about the Hangjin banner region in 1990, 2000 and 2014 for the sake of a comparative analysis of changes in areas, distribution characteristics as well as landscape pattern of different levels in road buffer at different times and in different ecological sub-regions in the whole area. The following conclusions are as below: other five types of landscape area except for unused land all witnesses increase in varying degrees within the whole area; On the contrary, the area of the arable land, the waters and the unused land is on the decrease while that of woodland, grassland along with construction land area is on the increase in the road buffer, among which woodland and construction land see the fastest annual growth rate, respectively 9.74 percentage points and 5.45 percentage points more than others, indicating that both sides of the road are likely to form settlements and shelterbelts, but the road construction also may spark off some degree of land degradation and environmental damage. From the landscape pattern analysis, it can be seen that fragmentation index about the road buffer is far greater than that of the whole region, indicating great impact of road construction on the landscape fragmentation which opens a door to more severe plaque fragmentation, increased landscape fragmentation and ecological stability weakening. The road buffer aggregation index is less than that of the whole, which implies that the landscape exists mainly in the form of patches in the shape of a relatively large amount of connection status in the whole area while the huge patches within landscape are gradually divided into many discrete small patches due to landscape fragmentation by more serious road construction in the road buffer. This results in road buffer landscape aggregation index less than that in the entire division. In addition, landscape diversity index about road buffer and ecological zones is higher than that of the whole area and the corresponding ecological zones, signifying a continuous road expanding reduces the landscape with interior landscape advantages to be replaced by a smaller landscape.