Fruticose And Crustose Lichens Diversity In Wudalianchi Region

In this paper, we researched on the biodiversities of fruticose and crustose lichens inWudalianchi region. Classified study was carried out on the580lichen samples derived fromWudalianchi, authenticated them through the morphological methods and chemical methods,and the main secondary metabolites were detected by the CT, TLC methods and so on. Thespecies description was conducted to the lichen samples, and the generic and speciesidentification keys of crustose and fruticose lichens in Wudalianchi region were given out.Furthermore, on the basis of classified authentication, we statistically analyzed the specificconstitution of the fruticose and crustoses lichens in Wudalianchi region and analysis on thesubstrate. The distribution of every species in China even the world was studied, in order tocarry out the flora research on the fruticose and crustose lichens in Wudalianchi regionaccording to their modern geographical distribution data.The results showed that there are73species of fruticose and crustose lichens inWudalianchi, belonging to23genera,18families,6orders and1Lichen lmperfecti. Amongthem there are2new records to China: Cladonia trassii Ahti. and Rhizocarpon eupetraeum(Nyl.) Arnold,2new records to China mainland: Buellia badia (Fr.) A. Massal. and Cladoniagymnopoda Vain.,10genera are new to Heilongjiang province those are Acarospora A.Massal., Buellia De Not., Circinaria Link, Dimelaena Norman, Graphis Adans. emend.Muell. Arg., Lobothallia (Clauzade&Cl. Roux) Hafellner, Ochrolechia A. Massal., Rinodina(Ach) S. F. Gray, Rhizoplaca Zopf, and Tephromela Choisy, and43species are new toHeilongjiang province which are not listed here. In the23genera of fruticose and crustoselichens in Wudalianchi, there are5dominant genera: Cladonia (26species), Lecanora (5species), Aspicilia (4species), Ochrolechia (4species), Caloplaca (4species). It could beseen that these5dominant genera have totally contained43species of lichens,59%of thewhole species of fruticose and crustose lichens in this region, of which the Cladoniapossesses the most abundant species, and the ratio reaches up to37%.The fruticose and crustose lichens in this region are mainly growing on the surfaces ofrocks, among which the growth substrates of fruticose lichens are diverse and the one ofcrustose lichens are simplex. In flora division, these73species of lichens can be classifiedinto10different types: North temperate element (46.58%), Cosmopolitan element (30.14%),the Eurasian element (6.85%), East Asian element (4.11%), Eastern Asia-North America element (4.11%), Pantropical element (2.71%), Amphi-Atlantic element (1.37%), E. Asia&Oceanian Disjuncted (1.37%), China South Africa element (1.37%), Element endemic toChina (1.37%). Among these, the North temperate element possesses the most species of34,46.58%of the whole fruticose and crustose lichens in the region, and the second abundantelement is Cosmopolitan element which contains22species,30.14%of the whole fruticoseand crustose lichens. It could be easily found that the main geographical elements of fruticoseand crustose lichens are the North temperate element and Cosmopolitan element; thepercentage of species belonging to these two elements is76.72%of the whole fruticose andcrustose lichens in the region. This is identical to the geographical positions of Wudalianchiand its climate condition.